Skip to main content

The Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis

  • Chapter
Bone and Osteoarthritis

Part of the book series: Topics in Bone Biology ((TBB,volume 4))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aigner T, Hemmel M, Neureiter D, Gebhard PM, Zeiler G, Kirchner T, McKenna L (2001) Apoptotic cell death is not a widespread phenomenon in normal aging and osteoarthritis human articular knee cartilage: a study of proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and viability of chondrocytes in normal and osteoarthritic human knee cartilage. Arthritis Rheum 44:1304–1312.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Aigner T, Kim HA, Roach HI (2004) Apoptosis in osteoarthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 30:639–653.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Aigner T, Reichenberger E, Bertling W, Kirsch T, Stoss H, Von der MK (1993) Type X collagen expression in osteoarthritic and rheumatoid articular cartilage. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 63:205–211.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Aigner T, Stove J (2003) Collagens—major component of the physiological cartilage matrix, major target of cartilage degeneration, major tool in cartilage repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 55:1569–1593.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Aigner T, Vornehm SI, Zeiler G, Dudhia J, Von der Mark K, Bayliss MT (1997) Suppression of cartilage matrix gene expression in upper zone chondrocytes of osteoarthritic cartilage. Arthritis Rheum 40:562–569.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Altman RD (1995) The classification of osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol Suppl 43:42–43.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ameye L, Aria D, Jepsen K, Oldberg A, Xu T, Young MF (2002) Abnormal collagen fibrils in tendons of biglycan/fibromodulin-deficient mice lead to gait impairment, ectopic ossification, and osteoarthritis. FASEB J 16:673–680.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Attwood JT, Yung RL, Richardson BC (2002) DNA methylation and the regulation of gene transcription. Cell Mol Life Sci 59:241–257.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bailey AJ, Mansell JP, Sims TJ, Banse X (2004) Biochemical and mechanical properties of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis. Biorheology 41:349–358.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Baldwin CT, Cupples LA, Joost O, Demissie S, Chaisson C, Mcalindon T, Myers RH, Felson D (2002) Absence of linkage or association for osteoarthritis with the vitamin D receptor/type II collagen locus: the Framingham Osteoarthritis Study. J Rheumatol 29:161–165.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Boileau C, Martel-Pelletier J, Brunet J, Tardif G, Schrier D, Flory C, El-Kattan A, Boily M, Pelletier JP (2005) Oral treatment with PD-0200347, an alpha2delta ligand, reduces the development of experimental osteoarthritis by inhibiting metalloproteinases and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression and synthesis in cartilage chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheum 52:488–500.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bonnet CS, Walsh DA (2005) Osteoarthritis, angiogenesis and inflammation. Rheumatology (Oxford) 44:7–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Buckwalter JA, Martin J, Mankin HJ (2000) Synovial joint degeneration and the syndrome of osteoarthritis. Instr Course Lect 49:481–489.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Burr DB (2005) Increased biological activity of subchondral mineralized tissues underlies the progressive deterioration of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 32:1156–1158.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Burr DB, Radin EL (2003) Microfractures and microcracks in subchondral bone: are they relevant to osteoarthrosis? Rheum Dis Clin North Am 29:675–685.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Chubinskaya S, Kuettner KE, Cole AA (1999) Expression of matrix metalloproteinases in normal and damaged articular cartilage from human knee and ankle joints. Lab Invest 79:1669–1677.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Curtis CL, Harwood JL, Dent CM, Caterson B (2004) Biological basis for the benefit of nutraceutical supplementation in arthritis. Drug Discov Today 9:165–172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Curtis CL, Rees SG, Little CB, Flannery CR, Hughes CE, Wilson C, Dent CM, Otterness IG, Harwood JL, Caterson B (2002) Pathologic indicators of degradation and inflammation in human osteoarthritic cartilage are abrogated by exposure to n-3 fatty acids. Arthritis Rheum46:1544–1553.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. D’Lima DD, Hashimoto S, Chen PC, Colwell CW, Jr., Lotz MK (2001) Human chondrocyte apoptosis in response to mechanical injury. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 9:712–719.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Day JS, Van Der Linden JC, Bank RA, Ding M, Hvid I, Sumner DR, Weinans H (2004) Adaptation of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis. Biorheology 41:359–368.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Dequeker J, Aerssens J, Luyten FP (2003) Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: clinical and research evidence of inverse relationship. Aging Clin Exp Res 15:426–439.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Drissi H, Zuscik M, Rosier R, O’Keefe R (2005) Transcriptional regulation of chondrocyte maturation: potential involvement of transcription factors in OA pathogenesis. Mol Aspects Med 26:169–179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Duerr S, Stremme S, Soeder S, Bau B, Aigner T (2004) MMP-2/gelatinase A is a gene product of human adult articular chondrocytes and is increased in osteoarthritic cartilage. Clin Exp Rheumatol 22:603–608.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Enomoto H, Inoki I, Komiya K, Shiomi T, Ikeda E, Obata K, Matsumoto H, Toyama Y, Okada Y (2003) Vascular endothelial growth factor isoforms and their receptors are expressed in human osteoarthritic cartilage. Am J Pathol 162:171–181.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Evans CH, Gouze JN, Gouze E, Robbins PD, Ghivizzani SC (2004) Osteoarthritis gene therapy. Gene Ther 11:379–389.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Fajardo M, Di Cesare PE (2005) Disease-modifying therapies for osteoarthritis: current status. Drugs Aging 22:141–161.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Farach-Carson MC, Hecht JT, Carson DD (2005) Heparan sulfate proteoglycans: key players in cartilage biology. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 15:29–48.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Fassler R, Schnegelsberg PN, Dausman J, Shinya T, Muragaki Y, McCarthy MT, Olsen BR, Jaenisch R (1994) Mice lacking alpha 1 (IX) collagen develop noninflammatory degenerative joint disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:5070–5074.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Felson DT (2005) The sources of pain in knee osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 17:624–628.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Fenwick SA, Gregg PJ, Rooney P (1999) Osteoarthritic cartilage loses its ability to remain avascular. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 7:441–452.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Fernandes JC, Martel-Pelletier J, Pelletier JP (2002) The role of cytokines in osteoarthritis pathophysiology. Biorheology 39:237–246.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Freemont AJ, Hampson V, Tilman R, Goupille P, Taiwo Y, Hoyland JA (1997) Gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 3, and 9 by chondrocytes in osteoarthritic human knee articular cartilage is zone and grade specific. Ann Rheum Dis 56:542–549.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Girkontaite I, Frischholz S, Lammi P, Wagner K, Swoboda B, Aigner T, Von der MK (1996) Immunolocalization of type X collagen in normal fetal and adult osteoarthritic cartilage with monoclonal antibodies. Matrix Biol 15:231–238.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Goggs R, Vaughan-Thomas A, Clegg PD, Carter SD, Innes JF, Mobasheri A, Shakibaei M, Schwab W, Bondy CA (2005) Nutraceutical therapies for degenerative joint diseases: a critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 45:145–164.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Goldring MB (2000) The role of the chondrocyte in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 43:1916–1926.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Goldring MB (1999) The role of cytokines as inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis: lessons from animal models. Connect Tissue Res 40:1–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Harrison MHM, Schajowicz F, Trueta J (1953) Osteoarthritis of the hip: a study of the nature and evolution of the disease. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 35B:598–626.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Hart DJ, Spector TD (1995) The classification and assessment of osteoarthritis. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 9:407–432.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Hayami T, Funaki H, Yaoeda K, Mitui K, Yamagiwa H, Tokunaga K, Hatano H, Kondo J, Hiraki Y, Yamamoto T, Duong IT, Endo N (2003) Expression of the cartilage derived anti-angiogenic factor chondromodulin-I decreases in the early stage of experimental osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 30:2207–2217.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Heraud F, Heraud A, Harmand MF (2000) Apoptosis in normal and osteoarthritic human articular cartilage [In Process Citation]. Ann Rheum Dis 59:959–965.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Imai K, Ohta S, Matsumoto T, Fujimoto N, Sato H, Seiki M, Okada Y (1997) Expression of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase and activation of progelatinase A in human osteoarthritic cartilage. Am J Pathol 151:245–256.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Jeffery AK (1975) Osteophytes and the osteoarthritic femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg Br 57:314–324.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Jordan KM, Arden NK, Doherty M, Bannwarth B, Bijlsma JW, Dieppe P, Gunther K, Hauselmann H, Herrero-Beaumont G, Kaklamanis P, Lohmander S, Leeb B, Lequesne M, Mazieres B, Martin-Mola E, Pavelka K, Pendleton A, Punzi L, Serni U, Swoboda B, Verbruggen G, Zimmerman-Gorska I, Dougados M (2003) EULAR recommendations 2003: an evidence based approach to the management of knee osteoarthritis: Report of a Task Force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 62:1145–1155.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Karachalios T, Zibis A, Papanagiotou P, Karantanas AH, Malizos KN, Roidis N (2004) MR imaging findings in early osteoarthritis of the knee. Eur J Radiol 50:225–230.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Kellgren JH, Lawrence JS (1958) Osteo-arthrosis and disk degeneration in an urban population. Ann Rheum Dis 17:388–397.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Knowlton RG, Katzenstein PL, Moskowitz RW, Weaver EJ, Malemud CJ, Pathria MN, Jimenez SA, Prockop DJ (1990) Genetic linkage of a polymorphism in the type II procollagen gene (COL2A1) to primary osteoarthritis associated with mild chondrodysplasia. N Engl J Med 322:526–530.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Lajeunesse D (2004) The role of bone in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 12 (suppl A):S34–S38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Lajeunesse D, Reboul P (2003) Subchondral bone in osteoarthritis: a biologic link with articular cartilage leading to abnormal remodeling. Curr Opin Rheumatol 15:628–633.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Lang P, Noorbakhsh F, Yoshioka H (2005) MR imaging of articular cartilage: current state and recent developments. Radiol Clin North Am 43:629–39, vii.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Loughlin J, Irven C, Fergusson C, Sykes B (1994) Sibling pair analysis shows no linkage of generalized osteoarthritis to the loci encoding type II collagen, cartilage link protein or cartilage matrix protein. Br J Rheumatol 33:1103–1106.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Malemud CJ (2004) Cytokines as therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis. BioDrugs 18:23–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Malfait AM, Liu RQ, Ijiri K, Komiya S, Tortorella MD (2002) Inhibition of ADAM-TS4 and ADAM-TS5 prevents aggrecan degradation in osteoarthritic cartilage. J Biol Chem 277:22201–22208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Mankin HJ, Dorfman H, Lippiello L, Zarins A (1971) Biochemical and metabolic abnormalities in articular cartilage from osteo-arthritic human hips. II. Correlation of morphology with biochemical and metabolic data. J Bone Joint Surg Am 53A:523–537.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Martin JA, Buckwalter JA (2003) The role of chondrocyte senescence in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and in limiting cartilage repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85A (suppl 2):106–110.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Masuhara K, Bak LS, Nakai T, Sugano N, Ochi T, Sasaguri Y (2000) Matrix metalloproteinases in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. Int Orthop 24:92–96.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Mehraban F, Lark MW, Ahmed FN, Xu F, Moskowitz RW (1998) Increased secretion and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in synovial tissues and chondrocytes from experimental osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 6:286–294.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Milner JM, Cawston TE (2005) Matrix metalloproteinase knockout studies and the potential use of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in the rheumatic diseases. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 4:363–375.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Monfort J, Nacher M, Montell E, Vila J, Verges J, Benito P (2005) Chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid (500–730 kda) inhibit stromelysin-1 synthesis in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Drugs Exp Clin Res 31:71–76.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Neuhold LA, Killar L, Zhao W, Sung ML, Warner L, Kulik J, Turner J, Wu W, Billinghurst C, Meijers T, Poole AR, Babij P, DeGennaro LJ (2001) Postnatal expression in hyaline cartilage of constitutively active human collagenase-3 (MMP-13) induces osteoarthritis in mice. J Clin Invest 107:35–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Nishii T, Sugano N, Tanaka H, Nakanishi K, Ohzono K, Yoshikawa H (2001) Articular cartilage abnormalities in dysplastic hips without joint space narrowing. Clin Orthop Relat Res 383:183–190.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Nuki G (1999) Osteoarthritis: a problem of joint failure. Z Rheumatol 58:142–147.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Ohta S, Imai K, Yamashita K, Matsumoto T, Azumano I, Okada Y (1998) Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (matrilysin) in human osteoarthritic cartilage. Lab Invest 78:79–87.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Okada Y, Shinmei M, Tanaka O, Naka K, Kimura A, Nakanishi I, Bayliss MT, Iwata K, Nagase H (1992) Localization of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (stromelysin) in osteoarthritic cartilage and synovium. Lab Invest 66:680–690.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Outerbridge RE (1961) The etiology of chondromalacia patellae. J Bone Joint Surg Br 43B:752–757.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Pelletier JP, Boileau C, Boily M, Brunet J, Mineau F, Geng C, Reboul P, Laufer S, Lajeunesse D, Martel-Pelletier J (2005) The protective effect of licofelone on experimental osteoarthritis is correlated with the downregulation of gene expression and protein synthesis of several major cartilage catabolic factors: MMP-13, cathepsin K and aggrecanases. Arthritis Res Ther 7:R1091–R1102.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Abramson SB (2001) Osteoarthritis, an inflammatory disease: potential implication for the selection of new therapeutic targets. Arthritis Rheum 44:1237–1247.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Pritzker KP, Gay S, Jimenez SA, Ostergaard K, Pelletier JP, Revell PA, Salter D, Van den Berg WB (2006) Osteoarthritis cartilage histopathology: grading and staging. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 14:13–29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Pufe T, Bartscher M, Petersen W, Tillmann B, Mentlein R (2003) Pleiotrophin, an embryonic differentiation and growth factor, is expressed in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 11:260–264.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Pullig O, Weseloh G, Gauer S, Swoboda B (2000) Osteopontin is expressed by adult human osteoarthritic chondrocytes: protein and mRNA analysis of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. Matrix Biol 19:245–255.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Pullig O, Weseloh G, Ronneberger D, Kakonen S, Swoboda B (2000) Chondrocyte differentiation in human osteoarthritis: expression of osteocalcin in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage and bone. Calcif Tissue Int 67:230–240.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Reginato AM, Olsen BR (2002) The role of structural genes in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritic disorders. Arthritis Res 4:337–345.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Roach HI, Aigner T, Kouri JB (2004) Chondroptosis: a variant of apoptotic cell death in chondrocytes? Apoptosis 9:265–277.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Roach HI, Yamada N, Cheung KS, Tilley S, Clarke NM, Oreffo RO, Kokubun S, Bronner F (2005) Association between the abnormal expression of matrix-degrading enzymes by human osteoarthritic chondrocytes and demethylation of specific CpG sites in the promoter regions. Arthritis Rheum 52:3110–3124.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Ruano-Ravina A, Jato DM (2005) Autologous chondrocyte implantation: a systematic review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 14:47–57

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Saamanen AK, Salminen HJ, Dean PB, de Crombrugghe B, Vuorio EI, Metsaranta MP (2000) Osteoarthritis-like lesions in transgenic mice harboring a,small deletion mutation in type II collagen gene. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 8:248–257.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Sanchez C, Deberg MA, Piccardi N, Msika P, Reginster JY, Henrotin YE (2005) Subchondral bone osteoblasts induce phenotypic changes in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 13:988–997.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Sandell LJ, Aigner T (2001) Articular cartilage and changes in arthritis. An introduction: cell biology of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res 3:107–113.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Sandy JD, Verscharen C (2001) Analysis of aggrecan in human knee cartilage and synovial fluid indicates that aggrecanase (ADAMTS) activity is responsible for the catabolic turnover and loss of whole aggrecan whereas other protease activity is required for C-terminal processing in vivo. Biochem J 358:615–626.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Sarzi-Puttini P, Cimmino MA, Scarpa R, Caporali R, Parazzini F, Zaninelli A, Atzeni F, Canesi B (2005) Osteoarthritis: an overview of the disease and its treatment strategies. Semin Arthritis Rheum 35:1–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Schwartz NB, Domowicz M (2002) Chondrodysplasias due to proteoglycan defects. Glycobiology 12:57R–68R.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Shibakawa A, Yudoh K, Masuko-Hongo K, Kato T, Nishioka K, Nakamura H (2005) The role of subchondral bone resorption pits in osteoarthritis: MMP production by cells derived from bone marrow. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 13:679–687.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Shlopov BV, Gumanovskaya ML, Hasty KA (2000) Autocrine regulation of collagenase 3 (matrix metalloproteinase 13) during osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 43:195–205.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Shlopov BV, Lie WR, Mainardi CL, Cole AA, Chubinskaya S, Hasty KA (1997) Osteoarthritic lesions: involvement of three different collagenases. Arthritis Rheum 40:2065–2074.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Smith JO, Oreffo RO, Clarke NM, Roach HI (2003) Changes in the antiangiogenic properties of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. J Orthop Sci 8:849–857.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. So CL, Kaluarachchi K, Tam PP, Cheah KS (2001) Impact of mutations of cartilage matrix genes on matrix structure, gene activity and chondrogenesis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 9 (suppl A):S160–S173.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Soder S, Roach HI, Oehler S, Bau B, Haag J, Aigner T (2006) MMP-9/gelatinase B is a gene product of human adult articular chondrocytes and increased in osteoarthritic cartilage. Clin Exp Rheumatol 24:302–304.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Sorgente N, Kuettner KE, Soble LW, Eisenstein R (1975) The resistance of certain tissues to invasion: II. Evidence for extractable factors in cartilage which inhibit invasion by vascularized mesenchyme. Lab Invest 32:217–222.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Stanton H, Rogerson FM, East CJ, Golub SB, Lawlor KE, Meeker CT, Little CB, Last K, Farmer PJ, Campbell IK, Fourie AM, Fosang AJ (2005) ADAMTS5 is the major aggrecanase in mouse cartilage in vivo and in vitro. Nature 434:648–652.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Stove J, Gerlach C, Huch K, Gunther KP, Brenner R, Puhl W, Scharf HP (2001) Gene expression of stromelysin and aggrecan in osteoarthritic cartilage. Pathobiology 69:333–338.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Tan AL, Grainger AJ, Tanner SF, Shelley DM, Pease C, Emery P, McGonagle D (2005) High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of hand osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 52:2355–2365.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Tehranzadeh J, Booya F, Root J (2005) Cartilage metabolism in osteoarthritis and the influence of viscosupplementation and steroid: a review. Acta Radiol 46:288–296.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Tetlow LC, Adlam DJ, Woolley DE (2001) Matrix metalloproteinase and proinflammatory cytokine production by chondrocytes of human osteoarthritic cartilage: associations with degenerative changes. Arthritis Rheum 44:585–594.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Tetlow LC, Woolley DE (2001) Expression of vitamin D,receptors and matrix metalloproteinases in osteoarthritic cartilage and human articular chondrocytes in vitro. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 9:423–431.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Tortorella MD, Malfait AM, Deccico C, Arner E (2001) The role of ADAM-TS4 (aggrecanase-1) and ADAM-TS5 (aggrecanase-2) in a model of cartilage degradation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 9:539–552.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Tsuchiya K, Maloney WJ, Vu T, Hoffman AR, Schurman DJ, Smith RL (1996) RT-PCR analysis of MMP-9 expression in human articular cartilage chondrocytes and synovial fluid cells. Biotech Histochem 71:208–213.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Vikkula M, Palotie A, Ritvaniemi P, Ott J, la-Kokko L, Sievers U, Aho K, Peltonen L (1993) Early-onset osteoarthritis linked to the type II procollagen gene. Detailed clinical phenotype and further analyses of the gene. Arthritis Rheum 36:401–409.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Vrahas MS, Mithoefer K, Joseph D (2004) The long-term effects of articular impaction. Clin Orthop Relat Res 423:40–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Wolfe GC, MacNaul KL, Buechel FF, McDonnell J, Hoerrner LA, Lark MW, Moore VL, Hutchinson NI (1993) Differential in vivo expression of collagenase messenger RNA in synovium and cartilage. Quantitative comparison with stromelysin messenger RNA levels in human rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients and in two animal models of acute inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 36:1540–1547.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Wu CW, Kalunian KC (2005) New developments in osteoarthritis. Clin Geriatr Med 21:589–601, vii.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Yudoh K, Nguyen T, Nakamura H, Hongo-Masuko K, Kato T, Nishioka K (2005) Potential involvement of oxidative stress in cartilage senescence and development of osteoarthritis: oxidative stress induces chondrocyte telomere instability and downregulation of chondrocyte function. Arthritis Res Ther 7:R380–R391.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Roach, H.I., Tilley, S. (2007). The Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis. In: Bronner, F., Farach-Carson, M.C. (eds) Bone and Osteoarthritis. Topics in Bone Biology, vol 4. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-701-5_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-701-5_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84628-513-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-701-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics