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Evolution of Genome Content: Population Dynamics of Transposable Elements in Flies and Humans

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Evolutionary Genomics

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 855))

Abstract

Recent research is starting to shed light on the factors that influence the population and evolutionary dynamics of transposable elements (TEs) and TE life cycles. Genomes differ sharply in the number of TE copies, in the level of TE activity, in the diversity of TE families and types, and in the proportion of old and young TEs. In this chapter, we focus on two well-studied genomes with strikingly different architectures, humans and Drosophila, which represent two extremes in terms of TE diversity and population dynamics. We argue that some of the answers might lie in (1) the larger population size and consequently more effective selection against new TE insertions due to ectopic recombination in flies compared to humans; and (2) in the faster rate of DNA loss in flies compared to humans leading to much faster removal of fixed TE copies from the fly genome.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Anna-Sophie Fiston-Lavier and all members of the Petrov lab for helpful discussions, Roberto Torres for figure design (www.torresdecomunicacion.org), and the three anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a Ramon y Cajal grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN: RYC-2010-07306) to J.G. and by a grant from the NIH (GM 089926) to D.A.P.

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  1. Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Josefa González & Dmitri A. Petrov

  2. Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona, Spain

    Josefa González

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  1. Josefa González
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  2. Dmitri A. Petrov
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Correspondence to Josefa González .

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  1. Department of Computer Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstr. 6, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland

    Maria Anisimova

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González, J., Petrov, D.A. (2012). Evolution of Genome Content: Population Dynamics of Transposable Elements in Flies and Humans. In: Anisimova, M. (eds) Evolutionary Genomics. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 855. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-582-4_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-582-4_13

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