Abstract
Osteoclasts are multi-nucleated cells that have the unique ability to resorb calcified bone matrix. They derive from haematopoietic precursor cells, and can be generated in vitro by stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the cytokines M-CSF and RANKL. In this chapter, we describe the method for generating human osteoclast from peripheral blood or buffy coats, as well as methods for studying both the differentiation and resorbing activity of these cells.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Roodman, G. D. (1999) Cell biology of the osteoclast. Exp. Hematol. 27, 1229–1241.
Baron, R., Neff, L., Louvard, D., and Courtoy, P. J. (1985) Cell-mediated extracellular acidification and bone resorption: evidence for a low pH in resorbing lacunae and localization of a 100-kD lysosomal membrane protein at the osteoclast ruffled border. J. Cell Biol. 101, 2210–2222.
Osdoby, P., Martini, M. C., and Caplan, A. I. (1982) Isolated osteoclasts and their presumed progenitor cells, the monocyte, in culture. J. Exp. Zool. 224, 331–344.
Boyle, W. J., Simonet, W. S., and Lacey, D. L. (2003) Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature 423, 337–342.
Segovia-Silvestre, T., Neutzsky-Wulff, A. V., Sorensen, M. G., Christiansen, C., Bollerslev, J., Karsdal, M. A., and Henriksen, K. (2009) Advances in osteoclast biology resulting from the study of osteopetrotic mutations. Hum. Genet. 124, 561–577.
Fujikawa, Y., Quinn, J. M., Sabokbar, A., McGee, J. O., and Athanasou, N. A. (1996) The human osteoclast precursor circulates in the monocyte fraction. Endocrinology 137, 4058–4060.
Vaananen, H. K., and Horton, M. (1995) The osteoclast clear zone is a specialized cell-extracellular matrix adhesion structure. J. Cell Sci. 108(Pt 8), 2729–2732.
Teitelbaum, S. L. (2000) Bone resorption by osteoclasts. Science 289, 1504–1508.
Baron, R. (2003) Anatomy and biology of bone matrix and cellular elements, in Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, Washington, pp. 1–8.
Lacey, D. L., Timms, E., Tan, H. L., Kelley, M. J., Dunstan, C. R., Burgess, T., Elliott, R., Colombero, A., Elliott, G., Scully, S., Hsu, H., Sullivan, J., Hawkins, N., Davy, E., Capparelli, C., Eli, A., Qian, Y. X., Kaufman, S., Sarosi, I., Shalhoub, V., Senaldi, G., Guo, J., Delaney, J., and Boyle, W. J. (1998) Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell 93, 165–176.
Yasuda, H., Shima, N., Nakagawa, N., Mochizuki, S. I., Yano, K., Fujise, N., Sato, Y., Goto, M., Yamaguchi, K., Kuriyama, M., Kanno, T., Murakami, A., Tsuda, E., Morinaga, T., and Higashio, K. (1998) Identity of osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF) and osteoprotegerin (OPG): a mechanism by which OPG/OCIF inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Endocrinology 139, 1329–1337.
Horton, M. A., Rimmer, E. F., Lewis, D., Pringle, J. A., Fuller, K., and Chambers, T. J. (1984) Cell surface characterization of the human osteoclast: phenotypic relationship to other bone marrow-derived cell types. J. Pathol. 144, 281–294.
Coxon, F. P. and Taylor, A. (2008) Vesicular trafficking in osteoclasts. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 19, 424–433.
Blair, H. C., Teitelbaum, S. L., Ghiselli, R., and Gluck, S. (1989) Osteoclastic bone resorption by a polarized vacuolar proton pump. Science 245, 855–857.
Helfrich, M., Crockett, J. C., Hocking, L. J., and Coxon, F. P. (2007) The Pathogenesis of osteoclast diseases: some knowns, but still many unknowns. BoneKey-Osteovision 4, 61–77.
Chavassieux, P., Karsdal, M. A., Segovia-Silvestre, T., Neutzsky-Wulff, A. V., Chapurlat, R., Boivin, G., and Delmas, P. D. (2008) Mechanisms of the anabolic effects of teriparatide on bone: insight from the treatment of a patient with pycnodysostosis. J. Bone Miner. Res. 23, 1076–1083.
Fujikawa, Y., Sabokbar, A., Neale, S., and Athanasou, N. A. (1996) Human osteoclast formation and bone resorption by monocytes and synovial macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 55, 816–822.
Karsdal, M. A., Hjorth, P., Henriksen, K., Kirkegaard, T., Nielsen, K. L., Lou, H., Delaisse, J. M., and Foged, N. T. (2003) Transforming growth factor-beta controls human osteoclastogenesis through the p38 MAPK and regulation of RANK expression. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 44975–44987.
Henriksen, K., Gram, J., Schaller, S., Dahl, B. H., Dziegiel, M. H., Bollerslev, J., and Karsdal, M. A. (2004) Characterization of osteoclasts from patients harboring a G215R mutation in ClC-7 causing autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type II. Am. J. Pathol. 164, 1537–1545.
Sorensen, M. G., Henriksen, K., Schaller, S., Henriksen, D. B., Nielsen, F. C., Dziegiel, M. H., and Karsdal, M. A. (2007) Characterization of osteoclasts derived from CD14+ monocytes isolated from peripheral blood. J. Bone Miner. Metab. 25, 36–45.
Henriksen, K., Sorensen, M. G., Nielsen, R. H., Gram, J., Schaller, S., Dziegiel, M. H., Everts, V., Bollerslev, J., and Karsdal, M. A. (2006) Degradation of the organic phase of bone by osteoclasts: a secondary role for lysosomal acidification. J. Bone Miner. Res. 21, 58–66.
Sorensen, M. G., Henriksen, K., Neutzsky-Wulff, A. V., Dziegiel, M. H., and Karsdal, M. A. (2007) Diphyllin, a novel and naturally potent V-ATPase inhibitor, abrogates acidification of the osteoclastic resorption lacunae and bone resorption. J. Bone Miner. Res. 22, 1640–1648.
Van Wesenbeeck, L., Odgren, P. R., Coxon, F. P., Frattini, A., Moens, P., Perdu, B., MacKay, C. A., Van Hul, E., Timmermans, J. P., Vanhoenacker, F., Jacobs, R., Peruzzi, B., Teti, A., Helfrich, M. H., Rogers, M. J., Villa, A., and Van Hul, W. (2007) Involvement of PLEKHM1 in osteoclastic vesicular transport and osteopetrosis in incisors absent rats and humans. J. Clin. Invest. 117, 919–930.
Taylor, A., Rogers, M. J., Tosh, D., and Coxon, F. P. (2007) A novel method for efficient generation of transfected human osteoclasts. Calcif. Tissue Int. 80, 132–136.
Coxon, F. P., Helfrich, M. H., Larijani, B., Muzylak, M., Dunford, J. E., Marshall, D., McKinnon, A. D., Nesbitt, S. A., Horton, M. A., Seabra, M. C., Ebetino, F. H., and Rogers, M. J. (2001) Identification of a novel phosphonocarboxylate inhibitor of Rab geranylgeranyl transferase that specifically prevents Rab prenylation in osteoclasts and macrophages. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 48213–48222.
Henriksen, K., Gram, J., Hoegh-Andersen, P., Jemtland, R., Ueland, T., Dziegiel, M. H., Schaller, S., Bollerslev, J., and Karsdal, M. A. (2005) Osteoclasts from patients with Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis type I (ADOI) caused by a T253I mutation in LRP5 are normal in vitro, but have decreased resorption capacity in vivo. Am. J. Pathol. 167, 1341–1348.
Del Fattore, A., Peruzzi, B., Rucci, N., Recchia, I., Cappariello, A., Longo, M., Fortunati, D., Ballanti, P., Iacobini, M., Luciani, M., Devito, R., Pinto, R., Caniglia, M., Lanino, E., Messina, C., Cesaro, S., Letizia, C., Bianchini, G., Fryssira, H., Grabowski, P., Shaw, N., Bishop, N., Hughes, D., Kapur, R. P., Datta, H. K., Taranta, A., Fornari, R., Migliaccio, S., and Teti, A. (2006) Clinical, genetic, and cellular analysis of 49 osteopetrotic patients: implications for diagnosis and treatment. J. Med. Genet. 43, 315–325.
Karsdal, M. A., Henriksen, K., Sorensen, M. G., Gram, J., Schaller, S., Dziegiel, M. H., Heegaard, A. M., Christophersen, P., Martin, T. J., Christiansen, C., and Bollerslev, J. (2005) Acidification of the osteoclastic resorption compartment provides insight into the coupling of bone formation to bone resorption. Am. J. Pathol. 166, 467–476.
Henriksen, K., Gram, J., Neutzsky-Wulff, A. V., Jensen, V. K., Dziegiel, M. H., Bollerslev, J., and Karsdal, M. A. (2009) Characterization of acid flux in osteoclasts from patients harboring a G215R mutation in ClC-7. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 378, 804–809.
Yeo, C., Saunders, N., Locca, D., Flett, A., Preston, M., Brookman, P., Davy, B., Mathur, A., and Agrawal, S. (2009) Ficoll-Paque versus Lymphoprep: a comparative study of two density gradient media for therapeutic bone marrow mononuclear cell preparations. Regen. Med. 4, 689–696.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Henriksen, K., Karsdal, M.A., Taylor, A., Tosh, D., Coxon, F.P. (2012). Generation of Human Osteoclasts from Peripheral Blood. In: Helfrich, M., Ralston, S. (eds) Bone Research Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 816. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-415-5_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-415-5_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-414-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-415-5
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols