Skip to main content

Electron Spectroscopic Imaging of the Nuclear Landscape

  • Protocol
The Nucleus

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 464))

Abstract

Our understanding of sub-nuclear organisation is largely based on fluorescence and electron microscopy methods. Conventional electron microscopy, which depends on heavy atom contrast agents, provides excellent contrast of condensed chromatin and some sub-nuclear structures such as the nucleolus. Unfortunately, other components, 10-nm chromatin fibres for example, do not contrast well. Electron spectroscopic imaging partially overcomes this limitation. In particular, phosphorus and nitrogen mapping provide sufficient contrast and resolution to visualise 10-nm chromatin fibres, while providing an opportunity to distinguish protein-based from nucleic acid-based supramolecular structures, such as the cores of nuclear bodies. Electron spectroscopic imaging, therefore, offers an approach to address many questions related to the functional organisation of the interior of the cell nucleus, which is illustrated in this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Cremer, T. and Cremer, C. (2001) Chromosome territories, nuclear architecture and gene regulation in mammalian cells. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2, 292-301

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lamond, A.I. and Earnshaw, W.C. (1998) Structure and function in the nucleus. Science. 280, 547-553.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kruhlak, M. J., Lever, M. A., Fischle, W., Verdin, E., Bazett-Jones, D. P., and Hendzel, M. J. (2000) Reduced mobility of the alternate splicing factor (ASF) through the nucleoplasm and steady state speckle compartments. J. Cell. Biol. 150, 41-51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Olins, A. L. and Olins, D. E. (1974) Spheroid chromatin units (nu bodies). Science. 183, 330-332.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Miller, O. L., Jr. and Beatty, B. R. (1969) Visualization of nucleolar genes. Science. 164, 955-957.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bazett-Jones, D. P. and Hendzel, M. J. (1999) Electron spectroscopic imaging of chromatin. Methods. 17, 188-200.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Dehghani, H., Dellaire, G., and Bazett-Jones, D. P. (2005) Organization of chromatin in the interphase mammalian cell. Micron. 36, 95-108.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Bolzer, A., Kreth, G., Solovei, I., Koehler, D., Saracoglu, K., Fauth, C., Muller, S., Eils, R., Cremer, C., Speicher, M. R., and Cremer, T. (2005) Three-dimensional maps of all chromosomes in human male fibroblast nuclei and prometaphase rosettes. PLoS Biol. 3, e157.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. van Driel, R., Fransz, P. F., and Verschure, P. J. (2003) The eukaryotic genome: a system regulated at different hierarchical levels. J. Cell Sci. 116, 4067-4075.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Dundr, M. and Misteli, T. (2001) Functional architecture in the cell nucleus. Biochem. J. 356, 297-310.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Boyle, S., Gilchrist, S., Bridger, J. M., Mahy, N. L., Ellis, J. A., and Bickmore, W. A. (2001) The spatial organization of human chromosomes within the nuclei of normal and emerinmutant cells. Hum. Mol. Genet. 10, 211-219.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Misteli, T. (2004) Spatial positioning: A new dimension in genome function. Cell. 119, 153-156.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Osborne, C. S., Chakalova, L., Brown, K. E., Carter, D., Horton, A., Debrand, E., Goyenechea, B., Mitchell, J. A., Lopes, S., Reik, W., and Fraser, P. (2004) Active genes dynamically colocalize to shared sites of ongoing transcription. Nat. Genet. 36, 1065-1071.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chambeyron, S. and Bickmore, W. A. (2004) Chromatin decondensation and nuclear reorganization of the HoxB locus upon induction of transcription. Genes Dev. 18, 1119-1130.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Borden, K. L. (2002) Pondering the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) puzzle: possible functions for PML nuclear bodies. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 5259-5269.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Dellaire, G. and Bazett-Jones, D. P. (2004) PML nuclear bodies: Dynamic sensors of cellular stress and DNA damage. Bioessays. 26, 963-977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Eskiw, C. H., Dellaire, G., and Bazett-Jones, D. P. (2004) Chromatin contributes to structural integrity of promyelocytic leukemia bodies through a SUMO-1-independent mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 9577-9585.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Block, G. J., Eskiw, C. H., Dellaire, G., and Bazett-Jones, D. P. (2006) Transcriptional regulation is affected by subnuclear targeting of reporter plasmids to PML nuclear bodies. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26, 8814-8825.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science + Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Ahmed, K., Li, R., Bazett-Jones, D.P. (2008). Electron Spectroscopic Imaging of the Nuclear Landscape. In: Hancock, R. (eds) The Nucleus. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 464. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-461-6_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-461-6_23

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-460-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-461-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics