Abstract
Manufacture of high-molecular-weight compounds with thickener properties has been traditionally related to plants, seeds, and seaweeds. These compounds have been named gums. The rheological properties of their solutions show important alterations depending on uncontrolled variables such as weather, and their manual-collection labor cost can often influence their market price.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kang, K. S. and Pettitt, D. J. (1993) Xanthan, gellan, welan and rhamsan in Industrial Gums: Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives (Whistler, R. L. and BeMiller, J. N., eds.), Academic, London, pp. 341–399.
Kennedy, J. F. and Bradshaw, I. J. (1984) Production, properties and applications of xanthan. Prog. Ind. Microbiol. 19, 319–371.
Bradbury, J. F. (1984) Genus II: Xanthomonas, in Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (Krieg, N. R. and Holt, C. G., eds.), Williams & Wilkins, London, pp. 199–210.
Cadmus, M., Knutson, C., Lagoda, A., Pittsley, J., and Burton, K. A. (1978) Synthetic media for production of quality xanthan gum in 20 liter fermentors. Biotech. Bioeng. 30, 1003–1014.
Shu, C. H. and Yang, S. T. (1990) Effects of temperature on cell growth and xanthan production in batch culture of Xanthomonas campestris. Biotech. Bioeng. 35, 454–468.
Peters, H. U., Suh, I. F., Schumpe, A., and Deckwer, W. D. (1993) The pyruvate content of xanthan polysaccharide produced under oxygen limitation. Biotech. Lett. 15, 565–566.
García-Ochoa, F., Santos, V. E., and Alcón, A. (1997) Xanthan gum production in a laboratory aerated stirred tank bioreactor. Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 11, 69–74.
García-Ochoa, F., Santos, V. E., and Fritsch, A. P. (1992) Nutritional study of Xanthomonas campestris in xanthan gum production by factorial design of experiments. Enz. Microbiol. Technol. 14, 991–996.
Blanch, H. W. and Clark, D. C. (1996) Biochemical Engineering (Ed. University of California at Berkeley) Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 491–502.
García-Ochoa, F., Casas, J. A., and Mohedano, A. F. (1993) Xanthan precipitation from solution and fermentation broth. Separ. Sci. Techn. 28, 1303–1313.
Kennedy, J. F., Barker, S. A., Bradshaw, I. J., and Jones, P. (1981) The isolation of xanthan gum from fermentations of Xanthomonas campestris by complexation with quaternary ammonium salts. Carbohydr. Polymers 1, 55–66.
Albercht, W. J., Rogovin, S. P., and Griffin, E. L. (1962) Recovery of Microbial Polysaccharide B-1459 with quaternary ammonium compound. Nature, 194(Jun), 1279.
Smith, I. H. (1983) (Kelco Co.) Precipitation of xanthan gum. Eur. Patent 68706 A.
Silman, R. W. and Rogovin, P. (1970) Continuous fermentation to produce xanthan biopolymer: effect of dilution rate. Biotech. Bioeng. 14, 23–31.
García-Ochoa, F., Santos, V. E., and Alcón, A. (1995) Xanthan gum production: unstructured kinetic model. Enzym. Microbiol. Technol. 17, 206–217.
García-Ochoa, F. and Casas, J. A. (1994) Apparent yield stress in xanthan gum solution at low concentrations. Chem. Eng. J. 53, B41–B46.
Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A., and Smith, F. (1956) Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and relates substances. Anal. Chem. 28, 350–356.
Cheetman, N. and Punruckvong, A. (1985) An HPLC method for the determination of acetyl and pyruvyl groups in polysaccharides. Carbohydr. Polym. 5, 599–606.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
García-Ochoa, F., Santos, V.E., Casas, J.A. (1999). Production and Isolation of Xanthan Gum. In: Bucke, C. (eds) Carbohydrate Biotechnology Protocols. Methods in Biotechnology™, vol 10. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-261-6_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-261-6_2
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-563-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-261-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols