Abstract
A protein-based vaccine approach against hookworm infection has failed to deliver the expected outcome, due to a problem with an allergic response in the patient or difficulties in the proteins’ production. This implication could be overcome by using a chemically synthesized peptide-based vaccine approach. This approach utilizes minimal pathogenic components that are necessary for the stimulation of the immune response without triggering adverse side effects. To boost the peptide’s immunogenicity, a lipid core peptide (LCP) system can be utilized as a carrier molecule/immunostimulant. This chapter describes in detail the synthesizing of protected lipoamino acid, the self-adjuvanting moiety (LCP core), the peptide epitope, and the final vaccine candidate. The subunit peptide and the LCP core were synthesized using microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Then the final hookworm vaccine construct was assembled using the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, or “click,” reaction.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hotez PJ, Brooker S, Bethony JM et al (2004) Hookworm infection. N Engl J Med 351:799–807
Loukas A, Bethony J, Brooker S, Hotez P (2006) Hookworm vaccines: past, present, and future. Lancet Infect Dis 6:733–741
Loukas A, Bethony JM, Mendez S, Fujiwara RT et al (2005) Vaccination with recombinant aspartic hemoglobinase reduces parasite load and blood loss after hookworm infection in dogs. PLoS Med 2:1008–1017
Hotez PJ, Bethony JM, Diemert DJ, Pearson M, Loukas A (2010) Developing vaccines to combat hookworm infection and intestinal schistosomiasis. Nat Rev Microbiol 8:814–826
Pearson MS, Bethony JM, Pickering DA, de Oliveira LM et al (2009) An enzymatically inactivated hemoglobinase from Nector americanus induces neutralizing antibodies against multiple hookworm species and protects dogs against heterologous hookworm infection. FASEB J 23:3007–3019
Skwarczynski M, Dougall AM, Khoshnejad M, Chandrudu S, Pearson MS, Loukas A, Toth I (2012) Peptide-based subunit vaccine against hookworm infection. PLoS One 7:e46870
Dougall AM, Skwarczynski M, Khoshnejad M, Chandrudu S et al (2014) Lipid core peptide targeting the cathepsin D hemoglobinase of Schistosoma mansoni as a component of a schistosomiasis vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 10:399–409
Skwarczynski M, Zaman M, Toth I (2013) Lipo-peptides/saccharides in peptide vaccine delivery. In: Kastin A (ed) Handbook of the biologically active peptides, 2nd edn. Elsevier Inc, Burlington, pp 571–579
Skwarczynski M, Toth I (2011) Lipid-core-peptide system for self-adjuvanting synthetic vaccine delivery. In: Mark SS (ed) Bioconjugation protocols: strategies and methods, 2nd edn. pp 297–308
Dyke JM, Groves AP, Morris A, Ogden JS, Dias AA et al (1997) Study of the thermal decomposition of 2-azidoacetic acid by photoelectron and matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 119:6883–6887
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Ahmad Fuaad, A.A.H., Skwarczynski, M., Toth, I. (2016). The Use of Microwave-Assisted Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis and Click Chemistry for the Synthesis of Vaccine Candidates Against Hookworm Infection. In: Thomas, S. (eds) Vaccine Design. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1403. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3387-7_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3387-7_36
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3385-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3387-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols