Abstract
Historically, the colonial, fish-eating water birds of the Great Lakes have been exposed to a number of toxic, synthetic, halogenated compounds.1–10 These exposures have resulted in a number of adverse effects on their reproductive potential,9–11 such as deformities and lethality of embryos.9–13 These effects have, in turn, caused declines in populations.14–16 The most dramatic effect on reproductive performance was the result of eggshell thinning, caused primarily by DDE, the degradation product of DDT.3,16–21 Since the cessation of the manufacture and use of the most persistent and widespread contaminants, the concentrations of these compounds in fish and birds have decreased.5–11 Specifically, concentrations of DDE in bird eggs of the North American Great Lakes region have decreased to less than the critical concentration for eggshell thinning. Subsequently, populations of some of the fish-eating water birds have increased rapidly.22 However, other adverse effects such as localized impairment of reproductive performance23 and anatomical defects24–26 have persisted. When we began our studies, it was not known if the observed effects were related to existing contaminants or if these effects would abate as the concentrations decreased further.
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Giesy, J.P., Ludwig, J.P., Tillitt, D.E. (1994). Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, PCBs and Colonial, Fish-Eating Water Birds. In: Schecter, A. (eds) Dioxins and Health. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1462-0_9
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