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Thyroid Hormone-Induced Apoptosis during Amphibian Metamorphosis

  • Chapter
Molecular Mechanisms of Programmed Cell Death

Abstract

Anuran metamorphosis involves thyroid hormone (TH)-induced, systematic transformations of individual organs. The vast majority of the larval tissues are removed during this process. Among them is the complete degeneration of the tail and gills and reduction of small intestine by about 90% (lengthwise). Various morphological and cellular studies have shown that the removal of larval organs/tissues is through programmed cell death or apoptosis. Recent cloning and characterization of TH-regulated genes revealed that a group of genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are activated by TH during metamorphosis in various organs. The activation of MMPs, which are extracellular or membrane-associated enzymes capable of degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, are in agreement with the previously observed remodeling/degradation of the ECM during metamorphosis. In vivo and in vitro studies have provided evidence to support that ECM remodeling by MMPs plays an important role in regulating apoptosis and cell migration during tissue remodeling.

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Abbreviations

TH:

thyroid hormone

TR:

TH Receptor

RXR:

retinoid X receptor or 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor

MMP:

matrix metalloproteinase, ECM, extracellular matrix

ECM:

extracellular matrix

ST1:

stromelysin-1

ST3:

stromelysin-3

Col3:

collagenase-3

Col4:

collagenase-4

GLA:

gelatinase-A

GLB:

gelatinase-B

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-5431, USA

    Yun-Bo Shi

  2. Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan

    Atsuko Ishizuya-Oka & Yun-Bo Shi

Authors
  1. Tosikazu Amano
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  2. Liezhen Fu
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  3. Atsuko Ishizuya-Oka
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  4. Yun-Bo Shi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yun-Bo Shi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA

    Yufang Shi

  2. National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

    John A. Cidlowski

  3. American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA

    David Scott

  4. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

    Jia-Rui Wu

  5. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Yun-Bo Shi

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Amano, T., Fu, L., Ishizuya-Oka, A., Shi, YB. (2003). Thyroid Hormone-Induced Apoptosis during Amphibian Metamorphosis. In: Shi, Y., Cidlowski, J.A., Scott, D., Wu, JR., Shi, YB. (eds) Molecular Mechanisms of Programmed Cell Death. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5890-0_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5890-0_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3404-8

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