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Peroxynitrite and Cell Signaling

  • Chapter
Oxidative Stress and Signal Transduction

Abstract

Highly reactive oxidants such as the hydroxyl radical are generally assumed to cause random cellular damage, which presumably results in cellular necrosis. However, signal transduction pathways in cells respond to many extracellular signals including oxidative stress. Oxidants have now been implicated in activating apoptosis, suggesting that cells respond to a certain threshold of oxidative stress by activating cell death pathways. Coordination of the complex and interlocking signaling pathways in eukaryotic cells is essential for proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Biological oxidants can both activate and inactivate signaling pathways involving tyrosine kinases, transcription factors,1,2 oxidation of key cellular thiols,3 and calcium homeostasis. Depending on the interplay between intracellular signaling pathways, moderate exposure to certain oxidants may either promote cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, or cause frank necrosis. Oxidants produced during inflammation are critical for defense against foreign invasion, but are also likely to interact with growth factors and cytokines in a more elusive and poorly understood role in the initiation of wound healing and repair of tissue.

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Authors
  1. Nathan Spear
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  2. Alvaro G. Estévez
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  3. Rafael Radi
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  4. Joseph S. Beckman
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  1. University of Southern California, USA

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Spear, N., Estévez, A.G., Radi, R., Beckman, J.S. (1997). Peroxynitrite and Cell Signaling. In: Forman, H.J., Cadenas, E. (eds) Oxidative Stress and Signal Transduction. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5981-8_2

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