Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Population and Community Biology Series ((PCBS,volume 18))

Abstract

This chapter develops an approach to continuous-time models that emphasizes the stage structure of a population. The key motivating idea is that, in many situations, biological differences among individuals within a stage may be unimportant in comparison with interstage differences. For example, the rate of egg production by adult insects may depend on their age, but much insight into population dynamics may be obtained from models that recognize only the distinction between nonreproductive individuals (juveniles) and reproductive individuals (adults). Likewise, an organism’s susceptibility to parasitism may depend on its size but with a range of sizes at which the organism is not vulnerable. It is reasonable to explore the qualitative effects of the invulnerable class before investigating the detailed, quantitative consequences of the size structure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literature Cited

  • van der Heiden, U., and M. C. Mackay. 1982. Dynamics of destruction and renewal. Journal of Mathematical Biology 16: 75–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Auslander, D. M., G. F. Oster, and C. B. Huffaker. 1974. Dynamics of interacting populations. Journal of the Franklin Institute 297: 345–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blythe, S. P., R. M. Nisbet, and W. S. C. Gurney. 1982. Instability and complex dynamic behavior in population models with long time delays. Theoretical Population Biology 22: 147–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blythe, S. P., R. M. Nisbet, and W. S. C. Gurney 1984. The dynamics of population models with distributed maturation periods. Theoretical Population Biology 25: 289–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briggs, C. J. 1993. Competition among parasitoid species on an age-structured host, and its effect on host suppression. American Naturalist 141: 372–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Briggs, C. J., R. M. Nisbet, and W. W. Murdoch. 1993. Coexistence of competing parasitoid species on a host with a variable life cycle. Theoretical Population Biology 44: 341–373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crowley, P. H., R. M. Nisbet, W. S. C. Gurney, and J. H. Lawton. 1987. Population regulation in animals with complex life histories: Formulation and analysis of a damselfly model. Advances in Ecological Research 17: 1–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diekmann, O., S. A. Van Gils, S. M. V. Lunel, and H. O. Walther. 1995. Delay Equations: Functional-, Complex-, and Nonlinear Analysis. Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godfray, H. C. J., and M. P. Hassell. 1989. Discrete and continuous insect populations in tropical environments. Journal of Animal Ecology 58: 153–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godfray, H. C. J., and J. K. Waage. 1991. Predictive modelling in biological control: The mango mealy bug (Rastrococcus invadens) and its parasitoids. Journal of Applied Ecology 28: 434–453.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, D. M., W. S. C. Gurney, R. M. Nisbet, and R. K. Stewart. 1988. A model of Cadra cautella larval growth and development. Journal of Animal Ecology 57: 645–658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, D. M., R. M. Nisbet, A. M. de Roos, W. S. C. Gurney, and R. K. Stewart. 1991. Discrete generations in host-parasitoid models with contrasting life cycles. Journal of Animal Ecology 60: 295–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurney, W. S. C., and R. M. Nisbet. 1985. Fluctuation periodicity, generation separation and expression of larval competition. Theoretical Population Biology 28: 150–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurney, W. S. C., and S. Tobia. 1995. SOLVER-A program template for initial value problems expressible as sets of coupled ordinary or delay differential equations. STAMS, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurney, W. S. C., S. P. Blythe, and R. M. Nisbet. 1980. Nicholson’s blowflies revisited. Nature 287: 17–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurney, W. S. C., R. M. Nisbet, and J. H. Lawton. 1983. The systematic formulation of tractable single-species population models incorporating age structure. Journal of Animal Ecology 52: 479–495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurney, W. S. C., R. M. Nisbet, and S. P. Blythe. 1986. The systematic formulation of models of stage structured populations. Pp. 474–494 in J. A. J. Metz and O. Diekmann, eds., Lecture Notes in Biomathematics: The Dynamics of Physiologically Structured Populations. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gyori, I., and G. Ladas. 1991. Oscillation Theory of Delay Differential Equations: With Applications. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hastings, A. 1987. Cycles in cannibalistic egg-larval interactions. Journal of Mathematical Biology 24: 651–666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, V. A. A., R. M. Nisbet, and W. S. C. Gurney. 1990. Generation cycles in stage structured populations. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 52: 375–396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, A. E., R. M. Nisbet, W. S. C. Gurney, and S. P. Blythe. 1988. Period to delay ratio near stability boundaries for systems with delayed feedback. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 135: 354–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuang, Y. 1993. Delay Differential Equations: With Applications in Population Dynamics. Academic Press, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, N. 1989. Biological Delay Systems: Linear Stability Theory. Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, R. M. 1980. Mathematical models in whaling and fisheries management. Pp. 1–63 in G. F. Oster, ed., Lectures on Mathematics in the Life Sciences 13. American Mathematical Society, Providence, R.I.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCauley, E. D., R. M. Nisbet, A. M. de Roos, W. W. Murdoch, and W. S. C. Gurney. In press. Structured population models of herbivorous zooplankton. Ecology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metz, J. A. J., and O. Diekmann. 1991. Exact finite dimensional representations of models for physiologically structured populations. I: The abstract foundations of linear chain trickery. Pp. 269–289 in J. A. Goldstein, F. Kappel, and W. Schappacher, eds., Differential Equations with Applications in Biology, Physics, and Engineering. Marcel Dekker, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murdoch, W. W. 1994. Population regulation in theory and practice. Ecology 75: 271–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murdoch, W. W., and C. J. Briggs. In press. Theory for biological control: Recent developments. Ecology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murdoch, W. W., R. M. Nisbet, S. P. Blythe, W. S. C. Gurney, and J. D. Reeve. 1987. An invulnerable age class and stability in delay-differential parasitoid-host models. American Naturalist 129: 263–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murdoch, W. W., R. M. Nisbet, R. F. Luck, H. C. J. Godfray, and W. S. C. Gurney. 1992. Size-selective sex-allocation and host feeding in a parasitoid-host model. Journal of Animal Ecology 61: 533–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murdoch, W. W., C. J. Briggs, and R. M. Nisbet. In press. Competitive displacement and biological control in parasitoids: A model. American Naturalist.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson, A. J. 1954. An outline of the dynamics of animal populations. Australian Journal of Ecology 2: 9–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson, A. J. 1957. The self-adjustment of populations to change. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia 22: 153–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nisbet, R. M., and J. R. Bence. 1989. Alternative dynamic regimes for canopy-forming kelp: A variant on density-vague population regulation. American Naturalist 134: 377–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nisbet, R. M., and W. S. C. Gurney. 1982. Modelling Fluctuating Populations. Wiley, Chichester, Engl.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nisbet, R. M., and W. S. C. Gurney. 1983. The systematic formulation of population models for insects with dynamically varying instar duration. Theoretical Popula tion Biology 23: 114–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nisbet, R. M., and W. S. C. Gurney. 1986. The formulation of age-structure models. Pp. 95–115 in T. G. Hallam and S. A. Levin, eds., Mathematical Ecology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Nisbet, R. M., W. S. C. Gurney, W. W. Murdoch, and E. McCauley. 1989. Structured population models: A tool for linking effects at individual and population levels. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 37: 79–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shea, K., R. M. Nisbet, W. W. Murdoch, and J. S. Yoo. In press. The effect of egg limitation in insect host-parasitoid population models. Journal of Animal Ecology

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nisbet, R.M. (1997). Delay-Differential Equations for Structured Populations. In: Tuljapurkar, S., Caswell, H. (eds) Structured-Population Models in Marine, Terrestrial, and Freshwater Systems. Population and Community Biology Series, vol 18. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5973-3_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5973-3_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-412-07271-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-5973-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics