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The Pancreatic β Cells in Human Type 2 Diabetes

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Diabetes

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 771))

Abstract

β-cell (beta-cell) impairment is central to the development and progression of human diabetes, as a result of the combined effects of genetic and acquired factors. Reduced islet number and/or reduced β cells amount in the pancreas of individuals with Type 2 diabetes have been consistently reported. This is mainly due to increased β cell death, not adequately compensated for by regeneration. In addition, several quantitative and/or qualitative defects of insulin secretion have been observed in Type 2 diabetes, both in vivo and ex vivo with isolated islets. All this is associated with modifications of islet cell gene and protein expression. With the identification of several susceptible Type 2 diabetes loci, the role of genotype in affecting β-cell function and survival has been addressed in a few studies and the relationships between genotype and β-cell phenotype investigated. Among acquired factors, the importance of metabolic insults (in particular glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity) in the natural history of β-cell damage has been widely underlined. Continuous improvements in our knowledge of the β cells in human Type 2 diabetes will lead to more targeted and effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of the disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Piero Marchetti, Marco Bugliani, Ugo Boggi, Matilde Masini & Lorella Marselli

Authors
  1. Piero Marchetti
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  2. Marco Bugliani
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  3. Ugo Boggi
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  4. Matilde Masini
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  5. Lorella Marselli
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Piero Marchetti .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK

    Shamim I. Ahmad BSc, MSc, PhD

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© 2013 Landes Bioscience and Springer Science+Business Media

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Marchetti, P., Bugliani, M., Boggi, U., Masini, M., Marselli, L. (2013). The Pancreatic β Cells in Human Type 2 Diabetes. In: Ahmad, S.I. (eds) Diabetes. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 771. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5441-0_22

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