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Ion-Coupled Transport across Biological Membranes

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Physiology of Membrane Disorders

Abstract

Only a rudimentary understanding of the principles of classical thermodynamics is needed to appreciate that the flow of an uncharged substance from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration or the flow of a charged substance from a region of lower electrochemical potential to a region of higher electrochemical potential cannot take place unless the processes responsible for these flows are linked or coupled to a supply of energy. Such flows, loosely referred to as “active” or “uphill,” are commonplace in biological systems and the thrust of many investigations is to identify the immediately responsible source(s) of energy. The problem can perhaps be best stated in terms of the formalism of irreversible or nonequilibrium thermodynamics.(1) Thus, in a system in which there is only a single flow of a substance i we may write the straight phenomenologic coefficient relating the flow to the conjugate force and has units of conductance; R ii relates the force to the flow and has units of resistance. Clearly, in this simple system R ii = 1/L ii . Ohm’s law of current flow, Fick’s first law of diffusion, Fourier’s law of heat flow, and Poiseuille’s law of volume flow are but a few familiar examples of Eq. (1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, 15261

    Stanley G. Schultz

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  1. Stanley G. Schultz
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA

    Thomas E. Andreoli M.D. (Professor of Medicine, Director, Professor of Physiology and Biophysics) (Professor of Medicine, Director, Professor of Physiology and Biophysics)

  2. Department of Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA

    Joseph F. Hoffman Ph.D. (Eugene Higgins Professor and Chairman) (Eugene Higgins Professor and Chairman)

  3. Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA

    Darrell D. Fanestil M.D. (Professor of Medicine, Head) (Professor of Medicine, Head)

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Schultz, S.G. (1978). Ion-Coupled Transport across Biological Membranes. In: Andreoli, T.E., Hoffman, J.F., Fanestil, D.D. (eds) Physiology of Membrane Disorders. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3958-8_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3958-8_15

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