Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Predator-Prey Relationships in Streams

  • Chapter
Stream Ecology

Abstract

Questions concerning the effects of predation may be divided into two broad categories—those concerned with community-level events, and those concerned with the evolutionary responses of predator and prey to one another. This second category includes adaptations on the part of the predator in choosing prey, and of the prey in minimizing its risk of being eaten.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allan, J. D. 1975a. The distributional ecology and diversity of benthic insects in Cement Creek, Colorado. Ecology 56:1040–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allan, J. D. 1975b. Diet of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchell) and brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in an alpine stream. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 20:2045–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allan, J. D. 1978. Trout predation and the size composition of stream drift. Limnol. Oceanog. 23:1231–1237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allan, J. D. 1981. Determinants of diet of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a mountain stream. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38:184–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allan, J. D. 1982a. The effects of reduction in trout density on the invertebrate community of a mountain stream. Ecology 63:1444–1455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allan, J. D. 1982b. Food consumption by trout and stoneflies in a Rocky Mountain stream, with comparison to prey standing crop. In: T. Fontaine and S. Bartell (eds.), Dynamics of lotic ecosystems. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Mich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allan, J. D. 1982c. Hypothesis testing in ecological studies of the freshwater benthos. In: V. H. Resh and D. M. Rosenberg (eds.), Ecology of aquatic insects. Praeger Scientific.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allan, J. D. 1982d. Life cycle, feeding habits and prey consumption of three setipalpian stoneflies (Plecoptera) in a mountain stream. Ecology 63:26–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, K. R. 1941. Studies on the biology of the early stages of the salmon (Salmo salar): 2. Feeding habits. J. Anim. Ecol. 10:47–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, K. R. 1951. the Horokiwi Stream: a study of a trout population. New Zealand Marine Dept. Fisheries Bull. 10, 238 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, N. H. 1966. Depressant effect of moonlight on activity of aquatic insects. Nature 209:319–320.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, N. H. 1967. Biology and downstream drift of some Oregon Trichoptera. Can. Entomol. 99:507–521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, N. H. 1976. Carnivory by an aquatic detritivore, Clistoronia magnifica (Trichoptera: Limniphilidae). Ecology 57:1081–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, N. H. and D. H. Lehmkuhl. 1968. Catastrophic drift of insects in a woodland stream. Ecology 49:198–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armitage, P. D. 1968. Some notes on the food of the chironomid larvae of a shallow woodland lake in South Finland. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 5:6–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benke, A. C. 1976. Dragonfly production and prey turnover. Ecology 57:915–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benke, A. C. 1978. Interactions among coexisting predators--a field experiment with dragonfly larvae. J. Anim. Ecol. 47:335–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, J. E. and H. B. N. Hynes. 1969. Downstream drift of invertebrate fauna in a stream ecosystem. Arch. Hydrobiol. 66:56–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bisson, P. A. 1978. Diel food selection by two sizes of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in an experimental stream. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 36:392–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brocksen, R. W., G. E. Davis and C. E. Warren. 1968. Competition, food consumption, and production of sculpins and trout in laboratory stream communities. J. Wildl. Manag. 32:51–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, J. L. and S. I. Dodson. 1965. Predation, body size, and composition of the plankton. Science 150:28–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brusven, M. A. and S. T. Rose. 1981. Influence of substrate composition and suspended sediment on insect predation by the torrent sculpin, Cottus rhotheus. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38:1444–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, J. E. and P. A. Larkin. 1972. Food specialization by individual trout. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29:1615–1624.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, D. W. 1978. Production in fish populations, pp. 5–25. In: S. D. Gerking (eds.), Ecology of freshwater fish production. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charnov, E. L., G. H. Orians and K. Hyatt. 1976. Ecological implications of resource depression. Amer. Natur. 110:247–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colwell, B. C. and W. C. Carew. 1976. Seasonal and diel periodicity in the drift of aquatic insects in a subtropical Florida stream. Freshw. Biol. 6:587–594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connell, J. H. 1975. Some mechanisms producing structure in natural communities, pp. 460–491. In: M. L. Cody and J. M. Diamond (eds.), Ecology and evolution of communities. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corkum, L. D. and H. F. Clifford. 1980. The importance of species associations and substrate types to behavioral drift, pp. 331–341. In: J. F. Flannagan and K. E. Marshall (eds.), Advances in Ephemeroptera biology. Plenum Press, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Daiber, F. C. 1956. A comparative analysis of the winter feeding habits of two benthic fishes. Copeia 1956:414–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, G. E., and C. E. Warren. 1965. Trophic relations of a sculpin in laboratory stream communities. J. Wildl. Manag. 29:846–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawkins, R. and J. R. Krebs. 1979. Arms races between and within species. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 205:489–511.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devonport, B. F. and M. J. Winterbourn. 1976. The feeding relationships of two invertebrate predators in a New Zealand river. Freshw. Biol. 6:167–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dineen, C. F. 1951. A comparative study of the food habits of Cottus bairdi and associated species of Salmonidae. Amer. Midi. Nat. 46:640–645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, J. M. 1967. Invertebrate drift in a Dartmoor stream. Archiv. Hydrobiol. 63:202–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, J. M. 1970. The daily activity patterns of caddis larvae (Trichoptera). J. Zool. (Lond.) 160:279–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, J. M. 1975. Number of meals in a day, maximum weight of food consumed in a day, and maximum rate of feeding for brown trout, Salmo trutta L. Freshwat. Biol. 5:287–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, J. M. 1977. Feeding, metabolism and growth of brown trout. Freshwater Biological Association, U.K. Annual Report 45:70–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, J. M. and G. W. Minshall. 1968. The invertebrate drift in the River Duddon, English Lake District. Oikos 19:39–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, J. M. and L. Persson. 1978. The estimation of daily rates of food consumption for fish. J. Anim. Ecol. 47:977–991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edmunds, G. F., Jr. and C. H. Edmunds. 1980. Predation, climate and mating of mayflies, pp. 277–86. In: J. F. Flannagan and K. E. Marshall (eds.), Advances in Ephemeroptera biology. Plenum Press, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Feder, H. M. 1972. Escape responses in marine invertebrates. Sci. Amer. 227:92–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fishlyn, D. A. and D. W. Phillips. 1980. Chemical camoflaging and behavioral defenses against a predatory seastar by three species of gastropods from the surfgrass Phyllospadix community. Biol. Bull. 158:34–48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fjellheim, A. 1980. Differences in drifting of larval stages of Rhyacophila nubila (Trichoptera). Holarc. Ecol. 3:99–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, R. L. and K. W. Stewart. 1977. The food habits of stoneflies in the Upper Gunnison River, Colorado. Env. Ent. 6:293–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, R. L. and K. W. Stewart. 1979. Stonefly (Plecoptera) food habits and prey preference in the Delores River, Colorado. Amer. Midl. Nat. 101:170–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gerking, S. D. 1962. Production and food utilization in a population of bluegill sunfish. Ecol. Monogr. 32:31–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giguere, L. A. and L. M. Dill. 1979. The predatory response of Chaoborus larvae to acoustic stimuli, and the acoustic characteristics of their prey. Z. Tierpsychol. 50:113–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffith, R. W. 1981. The effect of trout predation on the abundance and production of stream insects. M. S. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadlock, R. P. 1980. Alarm response of the intertidal snail Littorina littorea (L.) to predation by the crab Carcinus maenas (L.). Biol. Bull. 159:269–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, D. J., W. E. Cooper, and E. E. Werner. 1970. An experimental approach to the production dynamics and structure of freshwater animal communities. Limnol. Oceanogr. 24:131–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassell, M. P. 1978. The dynamics of arthropod predator-prey system. Monographs in Population Biology 13. Princeton University Press, 237 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hildrew, A. G. and C. R. Townsend. 1976. The distribution of two predators and their prey in an iron rich stream. J. Anim. Ecol. 45:41–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holey, M., B. Hollender, M. Inhof, R. Jesian, R. Konopacky, M. Toneys and D. Coble. 1979. Never give a sucker an even break. Fisheries 4:2–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horton, P. A. 1961. The bionomics of brown trout in a Dartmoor stream. J. Anim. Ecol. 30:311–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, R. J. 1978. Temporal variability patterns and the distributional patterns of stream fishes. Ecol. Monogr. 48:307–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, R. L. 1969. Effects of habitat alteration on production, standing crops, and yield of brook trout in Lawrence Creek, Wisconsin, pp. 281–312. In: T. G. Northcote (ed.), Symposium on salmon and trout in streams. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, R. L. 1971. Responses of a brook trout population to habitat development in Lawrence Creek. Tech. Bull. 48, Dept. of Nat. Res., Madison, Wise.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, R. L. 1975. Food relations and behavior of salmonid fishes, pp. 137–151. In: A. D. Hasler (ed.), Coupling of land and water systems. Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hynes, H. B. N. 1970. The ecology of running waters. Liverpool Univ. Press. 555 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hynes, H. B. N., D. D. Williams and N. E. Williams. 1976. Distribution of the benthos within the substratum of a Welsh mountain stream. Oikos 27:307–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hyslop, E. J. 1980. Stomach content analysis--a review of methods and their application. J. Fish. Biol. 17:411–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ivlev, V. S. 1961. Experimental ecology of the feeding of fishes. Yale University press, New Haven CT. 302 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwao, S. and W. G. Wellington. 1970. The influence of behavioral differences among tent-caterpiller larvae on predation by a pentatomid bug. Can. J. Zool. 48:896–898.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobi, G. Z. 1979. Ecological comparisons of stream sections with and without fish populations, Yellowstone National Park. National Park Service Research Center, Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie. 20 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, T. M., Jr., C. R. Feldmeth, and G. V. Elliott. 1970. Feeding of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in relation to abundance of drifting invertebrates in a mountain stream. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 27:2356–2361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koslucher, D. G. and G. W. Minshall. 1973. Food habits of some benthic invertebrates in a northern cool-desert stream (Deep Creek, Curlew Valley, Idaho-Utah). Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc. 92:441–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LeCren, E. D. 1969. Estimates of fish populations and production in small streams in England, pp. 269–280. In: T. G. Northcote (ed.), Symposium on salmon and trout in streams. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macan, T. T. 1958. Causes and effects of short emergence periods in insects. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 13:845–849.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macan, T. T. 1966. The influence of predation on the fauna of a moorland fishpond. Arch. Hydorbiol. 61:432–452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macan, T. T. 1977. The influence of predation on the composition of freshwater animal communities. Biol. Rev. 52:45–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackereth, J. C. 1957. Notes on the Plecoptera from a stony stream. J. Anim. Ecol. 19:159–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann, K. H. 1965. Energy transformation by a population of fish in the River Thames. J. Anim. Ecol. 34:253–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, K. H. 1978. Estimating the food consumption of fish in nature, pp. 250–278. In: S. D. Gerking (ed.), Ecology of freshwater fish production. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCaskill, M. L., J. E. Thomeison, and P. R. Mills. 1972. Food of the northern studfish, Fundulus catenatus, in the Missouri Ozarks. Trans. Amer. Fish Soc. 101:375–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mecom, J. R. 1972. Feeding habits of Trichoptera in a mountain stream. Oikos 23:401–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendelson, J. 1975. Feeding relationships among species of Notropis (Pisces: Cyprinidae) in a Wisconsin stream. Ecol. Mongr. 45:199–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merritt, R. W. and K. W. Cummins, eds. 1978. An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa. 441 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metz, J. P. 1974. Die Invertebratendrift an der Oberflache eines Voralpenflusses and ihre selektive Ausnutzung durch die Regenborgen forellen (Salmo gairdneri). Oecologia 14:247–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, M. M. 1974. The food of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchell) from different subsections of Lawrence Creek, Wisconsin. Trans Amer. Fish. Soc. 103:130–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moyle, P. B. 1977. In defense of sculpins. Fisheries 2:20–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mundie, J. H. 1969. Ecological implications of the diet of juvenile coho in streams, pp. 135–152. In: T. G. Northcote (ed.), Symposium on salmon and trout in streams. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mundie, J. H. 1974. Optimmization of the salmonid nursery stream. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 31:1827–1837.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Novak, J. K. and R. D. Estes. 1974. Summer food habits of the black sculpin, Cottus baileyi, in the Upper South Fork Holston River Drainage. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 103:270–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ordzie, C. J. and D. C. Garofolo. 1980. Behavioral recognition of molluscan and echinoderm predators by the bay scallop Argopecten irradians (Lamarck) at two temperatures. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 43:29–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Otto, C. and B. S. Svensson. 1980. The significance of case material selection for the survival of caddis larvae. J. Anim. Ecol. 49:855–866.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paine, R. T. 1966. Food web complexity and species diversity. Amer. Natur. 100:65–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paine, R. T. 1971. A short-term experimental investigation of resource partitioning in a New Zealand rocky intertidal habitat. Ecology 52:1096–1106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paine, R. T. 1980. Food webs: linkage, interaction strength, and community structure. J. Anim. Ecol. 49:667–685.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peckarsky, B. L. 1980, Predator-prey interactions among stoneflies and mayflies: behavioral observations within streams. Ecology 61:932–943.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peckarsky, B. L. and S. I. Dodson. 1980a. Do stonefly predators influence benthic distributions in streams? Ecology 61:1275–1282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peckarsky, B. L. and S. I. Dodson. 1980b. An experimental analysis of biological factors contributing to stream community structure. Ecology 61:1283–1290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pentland, E. S. 1930. Controlling factors in the distribution of Gammarus. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 60:89–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petrosky, C. E. and T. F. Waters. 1975. Annual production by the slimy sculpin population of a small Minnesota trout stream. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 104:237–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, D. W. 1978. Chemical mediation of invertebrate defensive behaviors and the ability to distinguish between foraging and inactive predators. Mar. Biol. 49:237–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pyke, G. H., H. R. Pulliam and E. L. Charnov. 1977. Optimal foraging: a selective review of theory and tests. Quart. Rev. Biol. 201:1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radford, D. S. and R. Hartland-Rowe. 1971. Subsurface and surface sampling of benthic invertebrates in two streams. Limnol. Oceanogr. 16:114–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reice, S. R. 1983. Predation and substratum: factors in lotic community structure. In: T. Fontaine and S. Bartell (eds.), Dynamics of lotic ecosystems. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricklefs, R. E. 1973. Ecology. Chiron Press, Newton, Mass. 861 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ringler, N. H. 1979. Prey selection by drift feeding brown trout (Salmo trutta). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 36:392–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roback, S. S. 1968. Notes on the food of Tanypodinae larvae. Ent. News 80:13–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, J. C. 1981. Adaptive changes in antipredator behavior of grasshopper during development. Evolution 35:175–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schutz, D. C., and T. G. Northcote. 1972. An experimental study of feeding behavior and interaction of coastal cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki clarki) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29:555–565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, A. L. 1969. Size relationships of Acroneuria California (Perlidae: Plecoptera) and its prey. Rydrobiologia 34:85–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, A. L. 1972. Comparative ecology of Arcynopteryx and Diura (Plecoptera) in a California stream. Arch. Hydrobiol. 69:521–546.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegfried, C. A. and A. W. Knight. 1976. Prey selection by a setipalpian stonefly nymph, Acroneuria (Calineuria) californica Banks (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Ecology 57:603–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sih, A, 1979. Stability and prey behavioral responses to predator density. J. Anim. Ecol. 48:79–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sih, A. 1980. Optimal behavior: can foragers balance two conflicting demands? Science 210:1041–1043.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, N. F. R. 1967. An alarm reaction of aquatic gastropods to intraspecific extract. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Mem. 403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, N. F. R. and H. A. Snyder. 1971. Pheromone-mediated behaviour of Fasciolaria tulipa. Anim. Behav. 19:257–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, R. A. 1977. Selective predation, optimal foraging, and the predator-prey interaction between fish and crayfish. Ecology 58:1237–1253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, R. A. and J. J. Magnuson. 1976. Behavioral response of crayfish to a fish predator. Ecology 57:571–761.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steine, I. 1972. The number and size of drifting nymphs of Ephemeroptera, Chironomidae, and Simuliidae by day and night in the River Stranda, Western Norway. Norw. J. Ent. 19:127–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, K. W., G. P. Friday and R. E. Rhane. 1973. Food habits of hellgrammite larvae, Corydalus cornutus L. (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) in the Brazos River, Texas. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 66:959–963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straskraba, M. 1965. The effect of fish on the number of invertebrates in ponds and streams. Mitt. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 13:106–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, D. J. 1975. Towards a predator-prey model incorporating age structure: the effects of predator and prey size on the predation of Daphnia magna by Ischnura elegans. J. Anim. Ecol. 44:907–916.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thorp, J. H., and E. A. Bergey. 1981. Field experiments on responses of a freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate community to vertebrate predators. Ecology 62:365–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thut, R. N. 1969. Feeding habits of larvae of seven Rhycophila species with notes on other life history features. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 62:894–898.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tillyard, P. 1926. The insects of Australia and New Zealand. Angus and Robertson Ltd., Sydney. 560 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tippets, W. E. and P. B. Moyle. 1978. Epibenthic feeding by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in the McCloud River, California. J. Anim. Ecol. 47:549–559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Townsend, C. F. and A. G. Hildrew. 1977. Predation strategy and resource utilization by Plectrocnemia conspersa (Curtis) (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae). Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. Trichoptera: 283–291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsui, Ph. T. P. and M. D. Hubbard. 1979. Feeding habits of the predaceous nymphs of Dolania americana in northwestern Florida (Ephemeroptera: Behningiidae). Hydrobiologia 67:119–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vermeij, G. J. 1976. Interoceanic differences in vulnerability of shelled prey to crab predation. Nature (Lond.) 260:136–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vermeij, G. J. 1978. Biogeography and adaptation. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass. 332 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, J. B. 1975. The larval retreat and food of Arctopsyche; with phylogenetic notes on feeding adaptations in Hydropsychidae larvae (Trichoptera) Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 68:167–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, J. B., J. R. Webster and W. R. Woodall. 1972. The role of filter feeders in flowing waters. Arch. Hydrobiol. 79:506–532.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walton, O. E., Jr., S. R. Reice and R. W. Andrews. 1977. The effects of density, sediment particle size, and velocity on drift of Acroneuria abnormis (Plecoptera). Oikos 28:291–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ware, D. M. 1971. Predation by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): the effect of experience. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 28:1847–1852.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ware, D. M. 1972. Predation by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): the influence of hunger, prey density, and prey size. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29:1193–1201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ware, D. M. 1973. Risk of epibenthic prey to predation by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 37:787–797.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, C. E., J. H. Wales, G. E. Davis, and P. Doudoroff. 1964. Trout production in an experimental stream enriched with sucrose. J. Wildl. Manag. 28:617–660.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waters, T. F. 1966. Production rate, population density, and drift of a stream invertebrate. Ecology 47:595–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waters, T. F. 1972. The drift of stream insects. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 17:253–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waters, T. F. 1977. Secondary production in inland waters, pp. 91–164. In: A. Macfadyen (ed.), Adv. Ecol. Res., Volume 10. Academic Press, N.Y.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Waters, T. F. 1979. Benthic life histories: summary and future needs. Can. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 36:342–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, R. J. 1975. Trout population responses to streamflow fluctuation and habitat management in Big Roche-a-Cri Creek, Wisconsin. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 19:2469–2477.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D. D. and K. A. Moore. 1982. The effect of environmental factors on the activity of Gammarus pseudolimnaeus (Amphipoda). Hydrobiologia (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaret, T. M. 1980. Predation and freshwater communities. Yale University Press, New Haven. 187 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zelinka, M. 1974. Die Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeroptera) in Forellenbachen der Beskiden. III. Der Einfluss des verschiedenen Fischbestandes. Vestnik Ceskoslovenske spolecnesti Zoologicje 38:76–80.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, Maryland, USA

    J. David Allan

Authors
  1. J. David Allan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA

    James R. Barnes

  2. Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA

    G. Wayne Minshall

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Allan, J.D. (1983). Predator-Prey Relationships in Streams. In: Barnes, J.R., Minshall, G.W. (eds) Stream Ecology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3775-1_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3775-1_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3777-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3775-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation