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Oxygen Electrodes and Optodes and their Application In Vivo

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Oxygen Transport to Tissue XVII

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 388))

Abstract

In the 1940s it was well known that the transport of oxygen within the tissue occurs by diffusion. Since by diffusional transport oxygen pressure gradients develop, the state of tissue oxygen supply can be characterized by the distribution of local pO2. At that time, however, it was only possible to measure mean tissue pO2. This was done by introducing e.g. a small gas bubble into the tissue1. After equilibration the bubble was withdrawn and analyzed by gas analysis. It was tried to understand these measurements by applying the cylindrical tissue model of Krogh2,3, but these measurements did not help much to understand the physiological presuppositions of anoxia or hypoxia because local tissue measurements were missing. The situation was changed when in 1942 P.W. Davies and F. Brink published their paper on “Microelectrodes for Measuring Local Oxygen Tension in Animal Tissue”4. This work was done in the laboratory of D.W. Bronk at the Johnson Foundation in Philadelphia, USA. The authors describe in great detail manufacturing and application of polarographic pO2 electrodes with a sensor surface of only 25 μm. Such a small sensor surface was needed because their aims were to measure “variations of oxygen tensions over small distances in tissues” to locate “sites of oxygen consumption by mapping concentration gradients” or “to measure the oxygen tension in blood of superficial arterioles and venules of the cat cerebral cortex, in the cortical substance itself, at the surface of muscle cells and at various distances from the surface of single celled organs”. About the development of this sensor Roseman, Goodwin and McCulloch mention in a footnote of their paper,5 that qualitative and quantitative polarographie analysis “was first employed in Dr. Bronk’s laboratory. By this method Brink and Davies determined the metabolism of the excised nerve.

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  1. Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Rheinlanddamm 201, 44139, Dortmund, Germany

    D. W. Lübbers

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  1. Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    C. Ince  & J. Kesecioglu  & 

  2. University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey

    L. Telci  & K. Akpir  & 

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Lübbers, D.W. (1996). Oxygen Electrodes and Optodes and their Application In Vivo . In: Ince, C., Kesecioglu, J., Telci, L., Akpir, K. (eds) Oxygen Transport to Tissue XVII. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 388. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0333-6_2

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