Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Contribution of the Bladder Outlet to the Relation Between Pressure and Flow Rate During Micturition

  • Chapter
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Abstract

Since the measurement of bladder pressure and urine flow rate during micturition have become possible, numerous attempts have been made to describe, explain, and define the relationship between the two. Obviously a term such as “urethral resistance” should be suitable to define the relationship between the typical hydrodynamic parameters (pressure and flow rate); and analogies to more or less sophisticated fluid dynamics suggest themselves. The concepts of various “urethral resistance factors” have treated micturition as a simple hydrodynamic process and attempted to reduce the complex dynamics to a single number. However, the potential value of such a factor is poor and, based on physically inadequate assumptions, can be physiologically misleading. A more realistic concept, the “urethral resistance relation” (URR), shows the pressure/flow relationship during the whole process of voiding, but adequate interpretation is difficult.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abrams PH, Griffiths DJ: The assessment of prostatic obstruction from urodynamic measurements and from residual urine. Br J Urol 51: 129–134, 1979

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bates CP, Arnold EP, Griffiths DJ: The nature of the abnormality in bladder neck obstruction. Br J Urol 47: 651–656, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bates CP, Bradley WE, Glen ES, Griffiths DJ, Melchior H, Rowan D, Sterling AM, Hald T: Third report on the standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function. Scand J Urol Nephrol 12: 191–193, 1978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bottaccini MR, Gleason DM, Byrne JC: Resistance measurements in the human urethra. In Lutzeyer W, Melchior H (eds.): Urodynamics: Upper and lower urinary tract. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  5. Gleason DM, Bottaccini MR, Drach GW: Urodynamics. J Urol 115: 356–361, 1976

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Gleason DM, Bottaccini MR, Reilly RJ: The shape and cross-sectional area of the distal urethra critically affects urinary flow. Invest Urol 8: 585–595, 1971

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Griffiths DJ: Hydrodynamics of male micturition. I. Theory of steady flow through elastic-walled tubes. Med Biol Eng 9: 581–588, 1971

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Griffiths DJ: Hydrodynamics of male micturition. II. Measurements of stream parameters and urethral elasticity. Med Biol Eng 9: 589–596, 1971

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Griffiths DJ: The mechanics of the urethra and of micturition. Br J Urol 45: 497–507, 1973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hinman F Jr (ed.): Hydrodynamics of Micturition. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL, 1971

    Google Scholar 

  11. Meyhoff HH, Griffiths DJ, Nordling J, Hald T: Clinical application of momentum flux measurements with special reference to detrusor hyperreflexia and meatal stenosis. Urol Res 8: 71–75, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Meyhoff HH, Griffiths DJ, Nordling J, Haid T: Momentum flux values at maximum flow rates in normal males. Urol Res 8: 67–70, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Rehfisch E: Ueber den Mechanismus des Harnbla-senverschlusses und der Harnentleerung. Virchow Archiv für path. Anatomie und Physiologie Bd 115: 111–151, 1897

    Google Scholar 

  14. Rollema HJ, Griffiths DJ, van Duyl WA, van den Berg J, de Haan R: Flow rate versus bladder volume. Urol Int 32: 401–412, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Schäfer W: A computing unit for the analysis of micturition. Digest 11th ICMBE, Ottawa, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  16. Schäfer W: Eine physiologische Methode zur Be-schreibung der Druck-Flow-Beziehung während der Miktion. Biomed Technik 21: 11–12, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  17. Schäfer W: Computer application for urodynamic studies. In Zinner NR, Sterling AM (eds.): Female Incontinence. Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  18. Schäfer W: The detrusor as the energy source of micturition. In Hinman F Jr (ed.): Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1983, pp 450–469

    Google Scholar 

  19. Schäfer W, Fischer B, Meyhoff HH, Lutzeyer W: Urethral resistance during voiding: I. The passive urethral resistance relation, PURR. II. The dynamic urethral resistance relation, DURR. Proceedings of the XIth Annual Meeting of the International Continence Society, London, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  20. Schäfer W, Gerlach R, Hannappel J: Microtip versus standard transducers: What do they really measure? Proceedings of the XIIth Annual Meeting of the International Continence Society, Leiden, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  21. Schäfer W, Sterling AM, Melchior H: Bladder neck and urethra in a physical model. Urol Int 31: 21–22, 1976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Sjöberg B, Nyman CR: Hydrodynamics of micturition in healthy females: pressure and flow at different micturition volumes. Urol Int 36: 23–34, 1981

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Smith JC: Urethral resistance to micturition. Br J Urol 68: 125–156, 1968

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sterling AM, Griffiths DJ: Measurements of the elasticity of the male urethral meatus by urinary drop spectrometry. Urol Int 31: 321–331, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Stibitz GR: Bistable mathematical and mechanical models related to the urethra. Bull Math Biophys 29: 57–65, 1967

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Sundblad R: Urinary bladder dynamics in women. Scand J Urol Nephrol [Suppl] 6, 1971

    Google Scholar 

  27. Tanagho EA, Miller ER: Initiation of voiding. Br J Urol 42: 175–183, 1970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Von Garrelts B: Analysis of micturition: a new method of recording the voiding of the bladder. Acta Chir Scand 112: 326–340, 1956

    Google Scholar 

  29. Von Garrelts B: Intravesical pressure and urinary 496 flow rate during micturition in normal subjects. Acta Chir Scand 114: 49–66, 1957

    Google Scholar 

  30. Von Garrelts B: Micturition in disorders of the prostate and posterior urethra. Acta Chir Scand 115: 227–241, 1958

    Google Scholar 

  31. Von Garrelts B: Micturition in the normal male. Acta Chir Scand 114: 197–210, 1957

    Google Scholar 

  32. Von Garrelts B: Micturition in urethral strictures. Acta Chir Scand 114: 466–489, 1957

    Google Scholar 

  33. Yalla SV, Blute R, Waters WB, Snyders H, Fraser L: Urodynamic evaluation of prostatic enlargements with micturitional vesicourethral static pressure profile. J Urol 125: 685–689, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Yalla SV, Sharma GVRK, Barsamian EM: Micturitional static urethral pressure profile: a method of recording urethral pressure profile during voiding and the implications. J Urol 124: 649–656, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Yalla SV, Waters WB, Snyders H, Varady S, Blute R: Urodynamic localization of isolated bladder neck obstruction in men: studies with micturitional vesicourethral static pressure profile. J Urol 125: 677–684, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Zinner NR, Ritter RC, Sterling AM, Donker PJ: The physical basis of some urodynamic measurements. J Urol 117: 682–689, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Werner Schäfer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA

    Frank Hinman Jr. (Clinical Professor of Urology) (Clinical Professor of Urology)

  2. Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA

    Saul Boyarsky M.D., J.D., F.A.C.S. (Professor of Genitourinary Surgery and Biomedical Engineering) (Professor of Genitourinary Surgery and Biomedical Engineering)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schäfer, W. (1983). The Contribution of the Bladder Outlet to the Relation Between Pressure and Flow Rate During Micturition. In: Hinman, F., Boyarsky, S. (eds) Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5476-8_44

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5476-8_44

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-5478-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5476-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation