Abstract
There have been a number of mathematical results recently identifying algebras over certain operads [4, 11, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 28]. See [1, 29] for expository surveys of the basics of operad theory. Before citing any of these results, let us mention some trivial classical examples. Let A denote one of the three words: “commutative,” “associative” and “Lie.” In each of these cases, consider the corresponding operad O(n) = (words in the free A algebra on n generators having exactly one occurrence of each generator) k , n ≥ 1, () k meaning the linear span over the ground field k. When A is commutative, associative or Lie, we will denote the corresponding operad O by C, As and Lie, respectively. Note that C(n)=(x 1…x n )k = k and As(n) = (x σ(1)…x σ(n) | σ ε S n)k = k[S n ]. The main feature of these three operads is that they describe algebras of the corresponding types. More precisely, algebras over an operad O, O = C, As or Lie, (or simply, O-algebras) are exactly A algebras.
Now if it was dusk outside, Inside it was dark
Robert Frost
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams, J.F., Infinite loop spaces. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978
Arnold, V.I., The cohomology ring of the colored braid group, Mat. Zametki 5(1969), 227–231 (English translation: Math. Notes 5 (1969), 138–140
Axelrod, S., Singer, I.M., Chern-Simons perturbation theory II., J. Diff. Geom. 39, 173–213 (1994), hep-th/9304087
Beilinson, A., Ginzburg, V., Infinitesimal structure of moduli spaces of G-bundles, Internat. Math. Research Notices 4 (1992), 63–74
Cohen, F.R., Artin’s braid groups, classical homotopy theory and sundry other curiosities, Contemp. Math. 78 (1988), 167–206
Deligne, P., Resumé des premiers exposés de A. Grothendieck., In: SGA 7. Lecture Notes in Math., 288, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1972, 1–24.
Deligne, P., Théorie de Hodge, II, Inst. Hautes Etudes Sci. Publ.Math. 40 (1971), 5–57
Drinfel’d, V. G., Letter to V. Schechtman, September 18, 1988.
Dubrovin, B., Geometry of 2d topological field theories, preprint SISSA-89/94/FM, July 1994, hep-th /9407018
Fulton, W., Maherson, R., A compactification of configuration spaces, Ann. Math. 139 (1994), 183–225
Getzler, E., Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras and two-dimensional topological field theories, Commun. Math. Phys. 159 (1994), 265–285, hepth/9212043
Getzler, E., Two-dimensional topological gravity and equivariant cohomology,Commun. Math. Phys. 163 (1994), 473–489, hep-th/9305013
Getzler, E., Cartan homotopy formulas and the Gauss-Manin connection in cyclic homology, Israel Math. Conf. Proc. 7 (1993), 65–78.
Getzler, E., Operads and moduli spaces of genus 0 Riemann surfaces, In: The moduli space of curves. Progress in Math., 129, Birkhäuser, Boston, Basel, Berlin, 1995, 199–230
Getzler, E., Jones, J.D.S., Operads, homotopy algebra and iterated integrals for double loop spaces. Preprint. Department of Mathematics, MIT, March 1994, hep-th/9403055
Getzler, E., Kapranov, M. M., Modular operads, Preprint, August 1994, dg-ga/9408003
Ginzburg, V., Kapranov, M. M., Koszul duality for operads, Duke Math. J. 76 (1994), 203–272.
Hinich, V., Schechtman, V., Homotopy Lie algebras,Adv. Studies Sov. Math., 16 (1993), 1–18.
Huang, Y.-Z., Operadic formulation of topological vertex algebras and Gerstenhaber or Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras, Commun. Math. Phys. 164 (1994), 105–144, hep-th/9306021
Huang, Y.-Z., Lepowsky, J., Vertex operator algebras and operads, The Gelfand Mathematics Seminars, 1990–1992, Birkhäuser, Boston, 1993, pp. 145–161, hep-th/9301009.
Kadeishvili, T., A(∞)-algebra structure in cohomology and the rational homotopy type, Forschungsschwerpunkt Geometrie, Universität Heidelberg, Mathematisches Institut 37 (1988) 1–64
Kadeishvili, T., The category of differential coalgebras and the category of;4(∞)-algebras, Proc. Tbilisi Math. Inst. 77 (1985) 50–70
Kapranov, M. M., Chow quotients of Grassmannians I, In: The Gelfand Mathematics Seminars, 1990–1992, Birkhäuser, Boston, 1993, pp. 29–110
Keel, S., Intersection theory of moduli space of stable n-pointed curves of genus zero, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 330 (1992), 545–574
Kimura, T., Operads of Moduli Spaces and Algebraic Structures in Conformal Field Theory, Preprint, University of North Carolina. November 1994.
Kimura, T., Stasheff, J., and Voronov, A. A., On operad structures of moduli spaces and string theory, Commun. Math. Phys. 171 (1995), 1–25, hep-th/9307114
Knudsen, F. F., The projectivity of moduli spaces of stable curves, II: the stacks M g,n . Math. Scand. 52 (1983), 161–199
Kontsevich, M., Manin, Yu.I., Gromov-Witten classes, quantum cohomology, and enumerative geometry, Commun. Math. Phys. 164 (1994), 525–562, hep-th/9402147
Kriz, I., May, J. P., Operads, algebras, and modules, I: definitions and examples. Preprint. University of Chicago 1993
Lang, S., Algebra, Second Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1994.
Lian, B. H., Zuckerman, G. J., New perspectives on the BRST-algebraic structure of string theory, Commun. Math. Phys. 154 (1993), 613–646 hep-th/9211072
May, J. P., The geometry of iterated loop spaces, Lecture Notes in Math., 271, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1972
May, J. P., Infinite loop space theory, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 83 (1977), 456–494
Michaelis, W., Lie coalgebras, Adv. in Math. 38 (1980), 1–54
Moore, J.C., Some properties of the loop homology of commutative coalgebras, In: The Steenrod Algebra and its Applications. Lecture Notes in Math., 168 (1970), 232–245
Quillen, D., Rational homotopy theory, Annals of Math. (2) 90 (1969) 205–295.
Ree, R., Lie elements and the algebra associated with shuffles, Ann. of Math. 68 (1958), 210–219
Ruan, Y., Tian, G., A mathematical theory of quantum cohomology, Math. Res. Lett. 1 (1994), 269–278
Schechtman, V.V., Varchenko, A.N., Arrangements of hyperplanes and Lie algebra homology, Invent. Math. 106 (1991), 139–194
Schlessinger, M., Stasheff, J.D., The Lie algebra structure of tangent cohomology and deformation theory, J. of Pure and Appl. Alg. 38 (1985), 313–322
Segal, G., The definition of conformal field theory. Preprint. Oxford
Smirnov, V. A., On the cochain complex of topological spaces, Math. USSR Sbornik 43 (1992), 133–144.
Stasheff, J.D., On the homotopy associativity of H-spaces, I, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 108 (1963), 275–292
Stasheff, J.D., On the homotopy associativity of H-spaces, II, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 108 (1963), 293–312
Stasheff, J.D., H-spaces from a homotopy point of view, Lecture Notes in Math., 161 (1970), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
Stasheff, J.D., Higher homotopy algebras: string field theory and Drinfel’d’s quasi-Hopf algebras, The Proceedings of the XXth International Conference on Differential Geometric Methods in Theoretical Physics,Baruch College, CUNY, June 1991, World Scientific (1992) 408–425.
Stasheff, J.D., Closed string field theory, strong homotopy Lie algebras and the operad actions of moduli space, In: Perspectives on Mathematics and Physics, R.C. Penner and S.T. Yau, eds., International Press, 1994, 265–288.
Witten, E., On the structure of the topological phase of two dimensional gravity, Nucl. Phys. B 340 (1990), 281–332
Witten, E., Two dimensional gravity and intersection theory on moduli space, Surv. in Diff. Geom. 1 (1991), 243–310.
Witten, E., Zwiebach, B., Algebraic structures and differential geometry in two-dimensional string theory, Nucl. Phys. B 377 (1992), 55–112.
Zwiebach, B., Closed string field theory: Quantum action and the Batalin-Vilkovisky master equation, Nucl. Phys. B 390 (1993), 33–152
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Birkhäuser Boston
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kimura, T., Stasheff, J., Voronov, A. (1996). Homology of Moduli of Curves and Commutative Homotopy Algebras. In: Gelfand, I.M., Lepowsky, J., Smirnov, M.M. (eds) The Gelfand Mathematical Seminars, 1993–1995. Birkhäuser Boston. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4082-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4082-2_9
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser Boston
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8643-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-4082-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive