Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ecobehavioral Analysis of Pharmacotherapy

  • Chapter
Ecobehavioral Analysis and Developmental Disabilities

Part of the book series: Disorders of Human Learning, Behavior, and Communication ((HUMAN LEARNING))

Abstract

These days it is almost a cliché to note that psychotropic drugs are among the most common treatments received by mentally retarded persons. In a previous review, we noted that 30% to 50% of mentally retarded adults in institutions receive psychotropic medication, whereas the comparable figures in community settings are between 26% and 36% (Aman & Singh, 1988). The prevalence rates are lower for children with mental retardation, although substantial percentages still receive some form of psychotropic drug.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ackles, P.K. (1986). Evaluating pharmacological-behavioral treatment interactions. In M. Hersen (Ed.), Pharmacological and behavioral treatment: An integrative approach (pp. 54–86 ). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aman, M.G. (1985). Drugs in mental retardation: Treatment or tragedy? Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 10, 215–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aman, M.G. (1987). Editorial. Overview of pharmacotherapy: Current status and future directions. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 31, 121–130.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aman, M.G. ( 1988, October). Efficacy of psychotropic drugs for reducing self injurious behavior in the developmental disabilities. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seattle, WA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aman, M.G., & Singh, N.N. (1980). The usefulness of thioridazine for treating childhood disorders: Fact or folklore? American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 94, 331–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aman, M.G., & Singh, N.N. (1988). Patterns of drug use, methodological considerations, measurement techniques, and future trends. In M.G. Aman & N.N. Singh (Eds.), Psychopharmacology of the developmental disabilities (pp. 1–28 ). New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aman, M.G., & Singh, N.N. (1988). Patterns of drug use, methodological considerations, measurement techniques, and future trends. In M.G. Aman & N.N. Singh (Eds.), Psychopharmacology of the developmental disabilities (pp. 1–28 ). New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aman, M.G., Singh, N.N., & Fitzpatrick, J. (1987). The relationship between nurse characteristics and perceptions of psychotropic medications in residential facilities for the retarded. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 17, 511–523.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arran, M.G., Singh, N.N., & White, A.J. (1987). Caregiver perceptions of psychotropic medication in residential facilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 8, 449–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aman, M.G., & White, A.J. (1986). Measures of drug change in mental retardation. In K.D. Gadow (Ed.), Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities (Vol. 5, pp. 157–202 ). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aman, M.G., White, A.J., & Field, C.J. (1984). Chlorpromazine effects on stereotypic and conditioned behavior-A pilot study. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 28, 235–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, R.G. (1968). Ecological psychology. Stanford: Stanford University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Barkley, R.A., & Cunningham, C. (1979). The effects of Ritalin on the motherchild interactions of hyperactive children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 201–208.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bijou, S.W., & Baer, D.M. (1961). Child development: Vol. 1. A systematic and empirical theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Brophy, J.E. (1979). Teacher behavior and its effects. Journal of Educational Psychology, 71, 733–750.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burgio, L.D., Page, T.J., & Capriotti, R.M. (1985). Clinical behavioral pharmacology: Methods for evaluating medications and contingency management. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18, 45–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, M., Anderson, L.T., Meier, M., Cohen, I.L., Small, A.M., Samit, C., & Sachar, E.J. (1978). A comparison of haloperidol and behavior therapy and their interaction in autistic children. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 17, 640–655.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carta, J.J., & Greenwood, C.R. (1985). Eco-behavioral assessment; A methodology for expanding the evaluation of early intervention programs. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 2, 88–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chadsey-Rusch, J., & Rusch, F.R. (1987). Hibilitation programs. In R.P. Barrett (Ed.), Severe behavior disorders in the mentally retarded (pp. 99–122 ). New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, D.E. (1975). Effects of combining methylphenidate the classroom token system in modifying hyperactive behavior. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 80, 266–276.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, C., & Barkley, R. (1978). The effects of methylphenidate on the mother-child interactions of hyperactive identical twins. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 20, 634–642.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deitz, D.E.D., Repp, A.C., Singh, N.N., & Karsh, K. (1989). Ecobehavioral analysis of stereotypic behavior: Group structures as setting events. Manuscript submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiMascio, A., Soltys, J.J., & Shader, R.I. (1970). Psychotropic drug side effect in children. In R.I. Shader, & A. DiMascio (Eds.), Psychotropic drug side effects (pp. 235–260). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, C.R., Delquadri, J.C., & Hall, R.V. (1984). Opportunity to respond and student academic performance. In W.L. Heward, T.E. Heron, D.S. Hill, & J. Trapp-Porter (Eds.), Focus on behavior analysis in education (pp. 58–88 ). Columbus, OH: Merrill Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haywood, H.C., Meyers, C.E., & Switzky, H.N. (1982). Mental retardation. Annual Review of Psychology, 33, 309–342.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Homer, R. (1980). The effects of an environmental “enrichment” program on the behavior of institutionalized profoundly retarded children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 8, 301–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A.E. (1977). Assessing the clinical or applied importance of behavior change through social validation. Behavior Modification, 1, 427–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A.E. (1979). Situational specificity: The two-edged sword of behavioral assessment. Behavioral Assessment, 1, 57–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kedesdy, J.H., & Mulick, J.A. ( 1985, May). Counter-therapeutic facilitation of a complex movement disorder with haloperidol: A single-case analysis. Paper presented at the 11th Annual Convention of the Association for Behavior Analysis, Columbus, OH.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, R.D., Raynes, N.V., & Tizard, J. (1971). Patterns of residential care: sociological studies in institutions for the handicapped. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klerman, G.L. (1975). Combining drugs and psychotherapy in the treatment of depression. In M. Greenblatt (Ed.), Drugs in combination with other therapies (pp. 67–81 ). Orlando, FL: Grune & Stratton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landesman, S. (1987). The changing structure and function of institutions: A search for optimal group care environments. In S. Landseman & P.M. Vietze (Eds.), Living environments and mental retardation (pp. 79–126 ). Washington, DC.: American Association on Mental Deficiency.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipman, R.S., DiMascio, A., Reatig, N., & Kirson, T. (1978). Psychotropic drugs and mentally retarded children. In M.A. Lipton, A. DiMascio, & K.F. Killam (Eds.), Psychopharmacology: A generation of progress (pp. 1437–1449 ). New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martens, B.K., & Witt, J.C. (1988). Ecological behavior analysis. In M. Hersen, R.M., Eisler, & P.M. Miller (Ed.), Progress in behavior modification (Vol. 22, pp. 115–140 ). Newbury Park, CA.: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mischel, W. (1973). Toward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality. Psychological Review, 80, 252–283.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mouchka, S. (1985). Issues in the psychopharmacology with the mentally retarded. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 262–267.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Overton, D.A. (1968). Dissociated learning in drug states (state dependent learning). In D. Efron (Ed.), Psychopharmacology: A review of progress 1957–1967, (pp. 918–930). (Public Health Service Publication No. 1836 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Repp, A.C., Harman, M.L., Felce, D., Van Acker, R., & Karsh, K.G. (1989). Conducting behavioral assessments on computer-collected data. Behavioral Assessment, 11, 249–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Repp, A.C., Karsh, K.G., Van Acker, R., Felce, D., & Harman, M. (1989). A computer-based system for collecting and analyzing observational data. Journal of Special Education Technology, 9, 207–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Repp, A.C., Singh, N.N., Deitz, D.E.D., & Karsh, K. (1989). Ecobehavioral analysis of stereotypic and adaptive behaviors: Activities as setting events. Manuscript submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Repp, A.C., Singh, N.N., Olinger, E., & Olson, D.R. (in press). A review of the use of functional analyses to test causes of self-injurious behavior: Rationale, current status, and future directions. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers-Warren, A., & Warren, S.F. (1977). Ecological perspectives in behavior analysis. Baltimore: University Park Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rojahn, J., & Schroeder, S.R. (1978). Ecobehavioral assessment system. Unpublished manuscript, Biological Sciences Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rusch, F.R., Weithers, J.A., Menchetti, B.M., & Schultz, R.P. (1980). Social validation of a program to reduce topic repetition in a non-sheltered setting. Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded, 15, 208–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, S.R. (1988). Neuroleptic medications for persons with developmental disabilities. In M.G. Aman & N.N. Singh (Eds.), Psychopharmacology of the developmental disabilities (pp. 82–100 ). New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, S.R., Bickel, W., & Richmond, G. (1986). Primary and secondary prevention of self-injurious behavior. In K. Gadow (Ed.), Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities (Vol. 5, pp. 65–87 ). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, S.R., & Gualtieri, C.T. (1985). Behavioral interactions induced by chronic neuroleptic therapy in persons with mental retardation. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 310–315.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, S.R., Lewis, M.H., & Lipton, M.A. (1983). Interactions of pharmacotherapy and behavior therapy among children with learning and behavioral disorders. In K.D. Gadow (Ed.), Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities (Vol. 2, 179–225 ). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, S.R., & McLean, W. (1987). If it isn’t one thing, it’s another: Experimental analysis of covariation in behavior management data of severe behavior disturbances. In S. Landesman & P.M. Vietze (Eds.), Living environments and mental retardation (pp. 315–337 ). Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Deficiency.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, S.R., Rojahn, J., & Mulick, J.A. (1978). Ecobehavioral organization of developmental day care for the chronically self-injurious. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 3, 81–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, N.N., & Beale, I.L. (1986). Behavioral assessment of pharmacotherapy. Behavior Change, 3, 34–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, N.N., Deitz, D.E.D., Epstein, M.H., & Singh, J. (1989). Social behavior of seriously emotionally disturbed students: A quantitative analysis of intervention studies. Behavior Modification.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, N.N., & Millichamp, C.J. (1985). Pharmacological treatment of self injurious behavior in mentally retarded persons. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 15, 257–267.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, N.N., & Repp, A.C. (1988). The behavioral and pharmacological management of problem behaviors in people with mental retardation. Irish Journal of Psychology (Special Issue), 9, 264–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprague, R.L., & Werry, J.S. (1971). Methodology of psychopharmacological studies with the retarded. In N.R. Ellis (Ed.), International review of research in mental retardation (Vol. 5, pp. 147–219 ). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprague, R.L., & Baxley, G.B. (1978). Drugs for behavior management, with comment on some legal aspects. In J. Wortis (Ed.), Mental retardation and developmental disabilities (Vol. 10, pp. 92–129 ). New York: Brunner/Mazel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, T., & Pickins, R. (1971). Interoceptive stimulus control of behavior. In T. Thompson & R. Pickens (Eds.), Stimulus properties of drugs (pp. 3–11 ). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurman, S.K. (1977). Congruence of behavioral ecologies: A model for special education. The Journal of Special Education, 11, 329–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Towns, A.J., Singh, N.N., & Beale, I.L. (1984). Reliability of observations in a double-and single-blind drug study: An experimental analysis. Advances in Learning and Behavioral Disabilities, 3, 215–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Houten, R. (1979). Social validation: The evolution of standards of competency for target behaviors. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 12, 581–592.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Voeltz, L.M., & Evans, I.M. (1982). The assessment of behavioral interrelationships in child behavior therapy. Behavioral Assessment, 4, 131–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahler, R.G. (1975). Some structural aspects of deviant child behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 8, 27–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wahler, R.G., & Fox, J.J. (1981). Setting events in applied behavior analysis: Toward a conceptual and methodological expansion. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 14, 327–338.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wahler, R.G., & Graves, M.G. (1983). Setting events in social networks: Ally or enemy in child behavior therapy? Behavior Therapy, 14, 19–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weingartner, H. (1978). Human state dependent learning. In B.T. Ho, D.W. Richards, & D.L. Chute (Eds.), Drug discrimination and state dependent learning (pp. 361–382 ). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whalen, C.K., Henker, B., & Dotemoto, S. (1980). Methylphenidate and hyperactivity: Effects on teacher behavior. Science, 208, 1280–1282.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, M. (1978). Social validity: The case for subjective measurement or how applied behavior analysis is finding its heart. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11, 203–214.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Nirbhay N. Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael G. Aman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nisonger Center for Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210-1205, USA

    Stephen R. Schroeder (Director) (Director)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Singh, N.N., Aman, M.G. (1990). Ecobehavioral Analysis of Pharmacotherapy. In: Schroeder, S.R. (eds) Ecobehavioral Analysis and Developmental Disabilities. Disorders of Human Learning, Behavior, and Communication. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3336-7_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3336-7_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7970-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3336-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation