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Synthesis of Biosurfactants and Their Advantages to Microorganisms and Mankind

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Biosurfactants

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 672))

Abstract

Biosurfactants are surface-active compounds synthesized by a wide variety of microorganisms. They are molecules that have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains and are capable of lowering the surface tension and the interfacial tension of the growth medium. Biosurfactants possess different chemical structures—lipopeptides, glycolipids, neutral lipids and fatty acids. They are nontoxic biomolecules that are biodegradable. Biosurfactants also exhibit strong emulsification of hydrophobic compounds and form stable emulsions. The low water solubility of these hydrophobic compounds limits their availability to microorganisms, which is a potential problem for bioremediation of contaminated sites. Microbially produced surfactants enhance the bioavailability of these hydrophobic compounds for bioremediation. Therefore, biosurfactant-enhanced solubility of pollutants has potential applications in bioremediation. Not only are the biosurfactants useful in a variety of industrial processes, they are also of vital importance to the microbes in adhesion, emulsification, bioavailability, desorption and defense strategy. These interesting facts are discussed in this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Microbial Technology and Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank, International Development Association, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India

    Swaranjit Singh Cameotra

  2. Department of Developmental Neurogenetics Children Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA

    Randhir S. Makkar

  3. Home Science, Chandigarh Admn., Chandigarh, India

    Jasminder Kaur

  4. Center of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    S. K. Mehta

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  1. Swaranjit Singh Cameotra
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  2. Randhir S. Makkar
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  3. Jasminder Kaur
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  4. S. K. Mehta
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Correspondence to Swaranjit Singh Cameotra .

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  1. Bioprocess and Bioproduct Development Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India

    Ramkrishna Sen MTech, PhD

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Cameotra, S.S., Makkar, R.S., Kaur, J., Mehta, S.K. (2010). Synthesis of Biosurfactants and Their Advantages to Microorganisms and Mankind. In: Sen, R. (eds) Biosurfactants. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 672. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5979-9_20

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