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Heat Shock Proteins at the Synapse: Implications for Functional Protection of the Nervous System

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Heat Shock Proteins and the Brain: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neuroprotection

Part of the book series: Heat Shock Proteins ((HESP,volume 3))

The protective effects of prior heat shock against cell death have been well established. Comparatively little attention has been given to the determination of whether this type of ‘preconditioning’ treatment protects critical neural processes such as synaptic function from subsequent stress. Synapses are key sites of information transfer in the nervous system and their functionality must be preserved under stressful conditions to prevent communication breakdown. Synaptic connections are vulnerable regions of neurons involved in the physiological process of ‘neurotransmission’ that link neurons into functional networks. The combined application of molecular biology and neurophysiology techniques has demonstrated that prior heat shock protects neurotransmission and synapses are able to function under conditions that would normally be disruptive. Selective overexpression of Hsp70 enhances the level of synaptic protection. Biochemical isolation of synaptic fractions and immunocytochemistry has localized a set of constitutive and stress-inducible heat shock proteins to components of the synapse. Constitutively expressed Hsc70 protein is enriched in neural tissue compared to non-neural tissues. Following hyperthermia, an enhancement of Hsc70 is apparent in synapse-rich areas of the brain in concert with the appearance of stress-inducible Hsp70, Hsp32 and Hsp27 at synapses. Induction of the heat shock response protects the nervous system at the functional level and permits neurotransmission events to proceed at synapses during stressful conditions. Synaptic function is disrupted during the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and upregulation of heat shock proteins could mitigate that dysfunction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Ian R. Brown

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  1. Ian R. Brown
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  1. Effie and Wofford Cain Centennial Endowed Chair in Clinical Pathology, Chief, Division of Investigative Pathology, Scott & White Memorial Hospital and Clinic and The Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, U.S.A

    Alexzander A.A. Asea

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Center for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Ian R. Brown

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Brown, I.R. (2008). Heat Shock Proteins at the Synapse: Implications for Functional Protection of the Nervous System. In: Asea, A.A., Brown, I.R. (eds) Heat Shock Proteins and the Brain: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neuroprotection. Heat Shock Proteins, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8231-3_12

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