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Oxygenic Photosynthetic Microorganisms in Extreme Environments

Possibilities and Limitations

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Algae and Cyanobacteria in Extreme Environments

Part of the book series: Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology ((COLE,volume 11))

Oxygenic phototrophic microorganisms are abundantly found in environmental extremes of temperature, pH, salt concentration, and radiation. These extremophilic phototrophs include both prokaryotes (cyanobacteria) and eukaryotes (different types of algae).

The prokaryotic cyanobacteria, belonging to the eubacterial domain, do not possess a defined nucleus and have no intracellular membrane-surrounded organelles, while the eukaryotic algae have nucleated, more complex and larger cells that contain chloroplasts and other organelles. It is nowadays well accepted that the prokaryotic anucleated cells have evolved into more developed eukaryotic organisms in a process termed eukaryogenesis.

In this chapter we present a survey of the occurrence of oxygenic phototrophs in extreme environments, exploring the existence of phototrophic thermophiles (lovers of high temperature), psychrophiles (cold-loving organisms), halophiles (high salt-loving organisms), acidophiles (cells thriving at low pH), alkaliphiles (cells living at high pH), and radiation-resistant phototrophs. We then compare the performance of the prokaryotic and the eukaryotic phototrophs in each of the environmental extremes, and discuss the findings in the light of the evolutionary ideas relating to the formation of the eukaryotic cell.

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  1. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mevo Hadas 20, 1132, 90435, Efrat, Israel

    Dr. Joseph Seckbach Ph.D

  2. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel

    Aharon Oren Ph.D

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    Joseph Seckbach Ph.D

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Seckbach, J., Oren, A. (2007). Oxygenic Photosynthetic Microorganisms in Extreme Environments. In: Seckbach, J. (eds) Algae and Cyanobacteria in Extreme Environments. Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6112-7_1

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