Summary
The genome-environment interaction is crucial to sustainability and productivity. Environmental triggers have the single most important impact on plant gene transcription, metabolism and physiology. Since plants are sedentary organisms they have to display an extreme metabolic and morphological plasticity in order to withstand and survive unfavorable changes in the local environment. Nevertheless, extremes of environment such as low temperature and drought have a major, negative impact upon plant growth and survival. Cellular damage occurring during environmental stress is caused by uncontrolled oxidation linked to the accumulation of oxygen free radicals or other reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria have not traditionally been regarded as an important source of ROS in photosynthetic tissues. However, while the amount of ROS produced by mitochondria is low in comparison to pho-tosynthetic oxidant production, mitochondrial ROS are produced in all cell types and throughout the diurnal cycle. In addition to increasing oxidative load, ROS generated in mitochondria could be part of the repertoire of redox signals that influences whole-cell redox homeostasis. Mitochondria house both enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants but most importantly they produce ascorbic acid, the major redox buffer of plant cells. The final reaction of ascorbate biosynthesis is linked to respiratory electron flow, which may in itself control the rate of synthesis. Mitochondria are important in the induction phase of programmed cell death in animals and much recent research has concerned the search for parallel functions in plants. While current information is limited, evidence is accumulating that plant mitochondria play a central role in oxidative stress tolerance. Moreover, it is becoming clear that mitochondrial redox signals influence the cellular redox-stat.
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Abbreviations
- AOS:
-
active oxygen species
- AOX:
-
alternative oxidase
- APX:
-
ascorbate peroxidase
- CMS:
-
cytoplasmic male sterility
- PCD:
-
programmed cell death
- PTP:
-
permeability transition pore
- ROS:
-
reactive oxygen species
- Rubisco:
-
ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase
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Sweetlove, L.J., Foyer, C.H. (2004). Roles for Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Plant Mitochondria. In: Day, D.A., Millar, A.H., Whelan, J. (eds) Plant Mitochondria: From Genome to Function. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 17. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2400-9_14
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