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Dynamic Structural Biology Experiments at XFEL or Synchrotron Sources

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Structural Proteomics

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2305))

Abstract

Macromolecular crystallography (MX) leverages the methods of physics and the language of chemistry to reveal fundamental insights into biology. Often beautifully artistic images present MX results to support profound functional hypotheses that are vital to entire life science research community. Over the past several decades, synchrotrons around the world have been the workhorses for X-ray diffraction data collection at many highly automated beamlines. The newest tools include X-ray-free electron lasers (XFELs) located at facilities in the USA, Japan, Korea, Switzerland, and Germany that deliver about nine orders of magnitude higher brightness in discrete femtosecond long pulses. At each of these facilities, new serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) strategies exploit slurries of micron-size crystals by rapidly delivering individual crystals into the XFEL X-ray interaction region, from which one diffraction pattern is collected per crystal before it is destroyed by the intense X-ray pulse. Relatively simple adaptions to SFX methods produce time-resolved data collection strategies wherein reactions are triggered by visible light illumination or by chemical diffusion/mixing. Thus, XFELs provide new opportunities for high temporal and spatial resolution studies of systems engaged in function at physiological temperature. In this chapter, we summarize various issues related to microcrystal slurry preparation, sample delivery into the X-ray interaction region, and some emerging strategies for time-resolved SFX data collection.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support of this work from a Wellcome Investigator Award in Science 210734/Z/18/Z (to A.M.O.) and a Royal Society Wolfson Fellowship RSWF\R2\182017 (to A.M.O).

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  1. Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, UK

    Pierre Aller & Allen M. Orville

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  1. Pierre Aller
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Correspondence to Allen M. Orville .

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  1. The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK

    Raymond J. Owens

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Aller, P., Orville, A.M. (2021). Dynamic Structural Biology Experiments at XFEL or Synchrotron Sources. In: Owens, R.J. (eds) Structural Proteomics. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2305. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1406-8_11

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