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Cellular Dust as a Novel Hope for Regenerative Cancer Medicine

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Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 9

Abstract

Although stem cells have the most therapeutic potential, the advantages of regenerative medicine may be best provided using extracellular vesicles which also known in the past as “cellular dust.” These microparticles are substances released by cells and play a pivotal role in pathophysiology of tumor progression and metastasis, thrombosis, and inflammation. Extracellular vesicles including exosomes and cell-derived microparticles supporting many physiological and disease processes which are relevant to immunology, hemostasis, thrombosis, neurobiology, cell signaling, angiogenesis, and cancer. While they have not any value for many years, this cellular dust has been studied and shows therapeutic properties similar to their mother cells (stem cells) but without their disadvantages. These vesicles do not divide, limiting the risk of cancer, and do not differentiate either. Therefore, they prevent tumor progression and development of poor function. Furthermore, it appears that they can be produced by a single donor for several patients, and have already confirmed their therapeutic potential in animals in repairing heart, liver and kidney lesions. The present study was aimed to introduce cellular dust as a new horizon for regenerative cancer medicine and also new hope for potential therapeutic applications of cancer and associated diseases.

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Abbreviations

MPs:

Microparticles

EVs:

Extracellular Vesicles

EMPs:

Endothelial Microparticles

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor -α

CRP:

C-Reactive Protein

PAI-1:

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1

NO:

Nitric Oxide

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

BCE:

Before the Common or Current Era

MIT:

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

EPCs:

Endothelial progenitor cells

MSCs:

Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

TGF:

The transforming growth factor

3D:

Three-Dimensional

ITP:

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

TIA:

Transient Ischemic Attack

MPS:

Myeloproliferative Syndromes

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

NSAID:

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

MS:

Multiple Sclerosis

BBB:

Blood Brain Barrier

eNSC:

endogenous Neural Stem Cells

VEGF:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

FGF2:

Fibroblastic Growth Factor

PDGF:

Platelet Derived Growth Factor

BDNF:

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

EPC:

Endothelial Precursor Cells

ErMPs:

Erythrocyte-derived MPs

SCD:

Sickle Cell Disease

RA:

Rheumatoid Arthritis

IBD:

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

PDMPs:

Platelet-Derived Microparticles

KD:

Kawasaki Disease

CKD:

Chronic Kidney Disease

ACS:

Acute Coronary Syndrome

ICAM-1:

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

RANTES:

Regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted

HRPC:

Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer

MMP-2:

Metalloproteinase-2

OSCC:

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

PCOS:

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

NSCLC:

Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

sVCAM-1:

soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

HMGB1:

High Mobility Group Box 1

Ang-2:

Angiopoietin-2

PMVs:

Platelet-derived Microvesicles

S1P:

Sphingosine 1-Phosphate

AA:

Arachidonic Acid

MT1-MMP:

Membrane-Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase

HUVEC:

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells

LLC:

Lewis Lung Carcinoma

PMPs:

Platelet-derived Microparticles

PS:

Phosphatidylserine

miRNAs:

microRNAs

VTE:

Venous Thromboembolism

MVB:

Multi-Vesicular Bodies

ILVs:

Intraluminal Vesicles

MVs:

Microvesicles

DEXs:

Dendritic cell-derived Exosomes

ADE:

Ascites-Derived Exosomes

APC:

Antigen-Presenting Cells

GM-CSF:

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

ICAM-1:

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1

MFG-E8:

Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8

NKG2D:

Natural Killer Group 2D

NK:

Natural Killer

GMP:

Good Manufacturing Practices

GMP:

Good Manufacturing Practices

EMT:

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition

Syk:

Spleen tyrosine Kinase

HIV:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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Correspondence to Babak Arjmand .

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Sheikh Hosseini, M. et al. (2020). Cellular Dust as a Novel Hope for Regenerative Cancer Medicine. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 9. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1288. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2020_537

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