Skip to main content

Defining Relative Adrenal Insufficiency in the Critically III: The ACTH Test Revisited

  • Conference paper
Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

Part of the book series: Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine ((YEARBOOK,volume 2006))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Drucker D, Shandling M (1985) Variable adrenocortical function in acute medical illness. Crit Care Med 13:477–479

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Wade CE, Lindberg JS, Cockrell JL, et al (1988) Upon-admission adrenal steroidogenesis is adapted to the degree of illness in intensive care unit patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 67:223–227

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Span LF, Hermus AR, Bartelink AK, et al (1992) Adrenocortical function: an indicator of severity of disease and survival in chronic critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 18:93–96

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Oelkers W (1996) Adrenal insufficiency. N Engl J Med 335:1206–1212

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Beishuizen A, Thijs LG (2001) Relative adrenal failure in intensive care: an identifiable problem requiring treatment? Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 15:513–531

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Marik PE, Zaloga GF (2002) Adrenal insufficiency in the critically ill. A new look at an old problem. Chest 122:1784–1796

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Arlt W, Allolio B (2003) Adrenal insufficiency. Lancet 361:1881–1893

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Dorin RI, Qualis CR, Crapo LM (2003) Diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. Ann Intern Med 139:194–204

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Cooper MS, Stewart PM (2003) Corticosteroid insufficiency in acutely ill patients. N Engl J Med 348:727–734

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Widmer IE, Puder JJ, Konig C, et al (2005) Cortisol response in relation to the severity of stress and illness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:4579–4586

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Braams R, Koppeschaar HP, van de Pavoordt HD, van Vroonhoven TJ (1998) Adrenocortical function in patients with ruptured aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. Intensive Care Med 24:124–127

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Rydvall A, Brandstrom AK, Banga R, Asplund K, Backlund U, Stegmayr BG (2000) Plasma cortisol is often decreased in patients treated in an intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 26:545–551

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Hoen S, Asehnoune K, Brailly-Tabard S, et al (2002) Cortisol response to corticotropin stimulation in trauma patients. Influence of hemorrhagic shock. Anesthesiology 987:807–813

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Sibbald WJ, Short A, Cohen MP, Wilson RF (1977) Variations in adrenocortical responsiveness during severe bacterial infections. Unrecognized adrenocortical insufficiency in severe bacterial infections. Ann Surg 186:29–33

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Jurney TH, Cockrell JL, Lindberg JS, Lamiell JM, Wade CE (1987) Serum cortisol response to ACTH in ICU patients. Chest 92:292–295

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Rothwell PM, Udwadia ZF, Lawler PG (1991) Cortisol response to corticotropin and survival in septic shock. Lancet 337:582–583

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Moran JL, Chapman MJ, O’Fatharthaigh MS, Peisach AF, Pannall PR, Leppard P (1994) Hypocortisolaemia and adrenocortical responsiveness at onset of septic shock. Intensive Care Med 20:489–495

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bouachour G, Tirot P, Gouello JP, Mathieu E, Vincent JF, Alquier P (1995) Adrenocortical function during septic shock. Intensive Care Med 21:711–712

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Soni A, Pepper GM, Wyrwinski PM, et al (1995) Adrenal insufficiency occurring during septic shock: incidence, outcome, and relationship to peripheral cytokine levels. Am J Med 98:266–271

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Briegel J, Schelling G, Haller M, Mraz W, Forst H, Peter K (1996) A comparison of the adrenocortical response during septic shock and after complete recovery. Intensive Care Med 22:894–899

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Barquist E, Kirton O (1997) Adrenal insufficiency in the surgical intensive care unit patients. J Trauma 42:27–31

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Annane D, Sebille V, Troche G, Raphael JC, Gajdos P, Bellissant E (2000) A 3-level prognostic classification in septic shock based on cortisol levels and cortisol response to corticotropin. JAMA 283:1038–1045

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Oppert M, Reinicke A, Gräf KJ, Barckow D, Frei U, Eckardt KU (2000) Plasma cortisol levels before and during “low-dose” hydrocortisone therapy and their relationship to hemodynamic improvement in patients with septic shock. Intensive Care Med 26:1747–1755

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Rivers EP, Gaspari M, Abi Saad G, et al (2001) Adrenal insufficiency in high-risk surgical ICU patients. Chest 2001; 119:889–896

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bollaert PE, Fieux F, Charpentier C, Levy B (2003) Baseline cortisol levels, cortisol response to corticotropin, and prognosis in late septic shock. Shock 19:13–15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Annane D, Sebille V, Charpentier C, et al (2002) Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock. JAMA 288:862–871

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Manglik S, Flores E, Lubarsky L, Fernandez F, Chibber VL, Tayek JA (2003) Glucocorticoid insufficiency in patients who present to the hospital with severe sepsis: a prospective clinical trial. Crit Care Med 31:1668–1675

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Marik PE, Zaloga GP (2003) Adrenal insufficiency during septic shock. Crit Care Med 31:141–145

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Hamrahian AH, Oseni TS, Arafah BM (2004) Measurements of serum free cortisol in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 350:1629–1638

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Parikshak M, Shepard AD, Reddy DJ, Nypaver TJ (2004) Adrenal insufficiency in patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 39:944–950

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Sam S, Corbridge TC, Mokhlesi B, Comellas AP, Molitch ME (2004) Cortisol levels and mortality in severe sepsis. Clin Endocrinol 60:29–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Wood JB, Frankland AW, James VHT, Landon J (1965) A rapid test of adrenocortical function. Lancet 191:243–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Beishuizen A, Thijs LG, Vermes I (2001) Patterns of corticosteroid-binding globulin and the free cortisol index during septic shock and multitrauma. Intensive Care Med 27:1584–1591

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Schein RM, Sprung CL, Marcial E, Napolitano L, Chernow B (1990) Plasma cortisol levels in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med 18:259–263

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Offner PJ, Moore EE, Ciesla D (2002) The adrenal response after severe trauma. Am J Surg 184:649–654

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Patel SR, Selby C, Jeffcoate WJ (1991) The short Synacthen test in acute hospital admissions. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 35:259–261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Bollaert PE, Charpentier C, Levy B, Debouverie M, Audibert G, Larcan A (1998) Reversal of late septic shock with supraphysiologic doses of hydrocortisone. Crit Care Med 26:645–650

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Jarek MJ, Legare EJ, McDermott MT, Merenich JA, Kollef MH (1983) Endocrine profiles for outcome prediction from the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 21:543–550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Rothwell PM, Lawler PG (1995) Prediction of outcome in intensive care patients using endocrine parameters. Crit Care Med 23:78–83

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

de Jong, M.F.C., Beishuizen, A., Groeneveld, A.B.J. (2006). Defining Relative Adrenal Insufficiency in the Critically III: The ACTH Test Revisited. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 2006. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-33396-7_50

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-33396-7_50

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-30155-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-33396-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics