Abstract
This work tackles the problem of synthesizing transferable and reusable operational amplifiers on a field programmable transistor array: the Heidelberg FPTA. A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is developed, in order to be able to include various specifications of an operational amplifier into the process of circuit synthesis. Additionally, the presented algorithm is designed to preserve the diversity within the population troughout evolution and is therefore able to efficiently explore the design space. Furthermore, the evolved circuits are proven to work on the chip as well as in simulation outside the FPTA. Schematics of good solutions are presented and their characteristics are compared to those of basic manually created reference designs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Hershenson, M., Boyd, S., Lee, T.H.: Optimal design of a cmos op-amp via geometric programming. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design, 1–21 (2001)
Buermen, A.: Janez Puhan, T.T.: Robust design and optimization of operating amplifiers, vol. 745–750 (2003)
Vieira, P.F., Botelho, L.B., Mesquita, A.: Evolutionary synthesis of analog circuits using only mos transistors. In: Zebulum, R.S., Gwaltney, D., Hornby, G., Keymeulen, D., Lohn, J., Stoica, A. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2004 NASA/DoD Conference on Evolvable Hardware, pp. 38–45. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2004)
Sripramong, T., Toumazou, C.: The invention of cmos amplifiers using genetic programming and current-flow analysis. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 21, 1237–1252 (2002)
Koza, J.R., Bennett III, F.H., Andre, D., Keane, M.A.: Design of a high-gain operational amplifier and other circuits by means of genetic programming. In: Angeline, P.J., McDonnell, J.R., Reynolds, R.G., Eberhart, R. (eds.) EP 1997. LNCS, vol. 1213, pp. 125–136. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)
Koza, J.R., Bennett III, F.H., Andre, D., Keane, M.A.: Evolution using genetic programming of a low-distortion 96 decibel operational amplifier. In: Proceedings of the 1997 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, San Jose, California, USA, New York, pp. 207–216. Association for Computing Machinery (1997)
Kruiskamp, W., Leenaerts, D.: Darwin: Cmos opamp synthesis by means of a genetic algorithm. In: DAC 1995 Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE Conference on Design Automation, pp. 433–438. ACM Press, New York (1995)
Deb, K., Agrawal, S., Pratap, A., Meyarivan, T.: A fast elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimisation: Nsga-ii. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, pp. 849–858 (2000)
Coello Coello, C.A., Van Veldhuizen, D.A., Lamont, G.B.: Evolutionary Algorithms for Solving Multi-Objective Problems. Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York (2002)
Hernandez Aguirre, A., Zebulum, R.S., Coello Coello, C.A.: Evolutionary multiobjective design targeting a field programmable transistor array. In: Zebulum, R.S., Gwaltney, D., Hornby, G., Keymeulen, D., Lohn, J., Stoica, A. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2004 NASA/DoD Conference on Evolvable Hardware, pp. 199–205. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2004)
Zebulum, R., Pacheco, M., Vellasco, M.: A novel multi-objective optimization methodology applied to the synthesis of cmos operational amplifiers. Journal of Solid-State Devices and Circuits, 10–15 (2000)
Zebulum, R.S., Pacheco, M.A., Vellasco, M.: A multi-objective optimisation methodology applied to the synthesis of low-power operational amplifiers. In: Cheuri, I.J., dos Reis Filho, C.A. (eds.) Proceedings of the XIII International Conference in Microelectronics and Packaging, Curitiba, Brazil, vol. 1, pp. 264–271 (1998)
Trefzer, M., Langeheine, J., Schemmel, J., Meier, K.: New genetic operators to facilitate understanding of evolved transistor circuits. In: Zebulum, R.S., Gwaltney, D., Hornby, G., Keymeulen, D., Lohn, J., Stoica, A. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2004 NASA/DoD Conference on Evolvable Hardware, pp. 217–224. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2004)
Langeheine, J., Becker, J., Fölling, S., Meier, K., Schemmel, J.: A CMOS FPTA chip for intrinsic hardware evolution of analog electronic circuits. In: Proc. of the Third NASA/DOD Workshop on Evolvable Hardware, Long Beach, CA, USA, pp. 172–175. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2001)
Garvie, M.: Reliable Electronics through Artificial Evolution. PhD thesis, University of Sussex (2004)
Goldberg, D.E.: Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1989)
Deb, K., Goel, T.: Controlled Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms for Better Convergence. In: Zitzler, E., Deb, K., Thiele, L., Coello Coello, C.A., Corne, D.W. (eds.) EMO 2001. LNCS, vol. 1993, pp. 67–81. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Quarles, T., Newton, A., Pederson, D., Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A.: SPICE3 Version 3f3 User s Manual. In: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Ca., 94720 (1993)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Trefzer, M., Langeheine, J., Meier, K., Schemmel, J. (2005). Operational Amplifiers: An Example for Multi-objective Optimization on an Analog Evolvable Hardware Platform. In: Moreno, J.M., Madrenas, J., Cosp, J. (eds) Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware. ICES 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3637. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11549703_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11549703_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-28736-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-28737-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)