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Bacterial Glycoengineering as a Biosynthetic Route to Customized Glycomolecules

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Advances in Glycobiotechnology

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology ((ABE,volume 175))

Abstract

Bacteria have garnered increased interest in recent years as a platform for the biosynthesis of a variety of glycomolecules such as soluble oligosaccharides, surface-exposed carbohydrates, and glycoproteins. The ability to engineer commonly used laboratory species such as Escherichia coli to efficiently synthesize non-native sugar structures by recombinant expression of enzymes from various carbohydrate biosynthesis pathways has allowed for the facile generation of important products such as conjugate vaccines, glycosylated outer membrane vesicles, and a variety of other research reagents for studying and understanding the role of glycans in living systems. This chapter highlights some of the key discoveries and technologies for equipping bacteria with the requisite biosynthetic machinery to generate such products. As the bacterial glyco-toolbox continues to grow, these technologies are expected to expand the range of glycomolecules produced recombinantly in bacterial systems, thereby opening up this platform to an even larger number of applications.

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Abbreviations

ABC-transporter:

ATP-binding cassette transporter

CPS:

Capsular polysaccharide

diNAcBac:

Bacillosamine

ECA:

Enterobacterial common antigen

EPA:

Exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

EPO:

Erythropoietin

Gal:

Galactose

GalNAc:

N-Acetylgalactosamine

Gb3:

Globotriaosylceramide

Gb4:

Globotetraosylceramide

Glc:

Glucose

GlcNAc:

N-Acetylglucosamine

GM:

Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside

HA:

Hyaluronic acid

hGH:

Human growth hormone

Hib:

Haemophilus influenza type b

IgG:

Immunoglobulin G

LacNAc:

N-Acetyllactosamine

LeX:

Lewis X antigen

Ley:

Lewis Y antigen

LOS:

Lipo-oligosaccharide

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

Man:

Mannose

MBP:

Maltose binding protein

NCAM:

Neural cell adhesion molecule

NeuNAc:

N-Acetylneuraminic acid

OMV:

Outer membrane vesicle

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PolySia:

Polysialic acid

S-layer:

Surface layer

STEC:

Shigatoxin producing Escherichia coli

STX:

Shiga toxin

T-antigen:

Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen

Und-PP:

Undecaprenyl pyrophosphate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Laura E. Yates, Dominic C. Mills & Matthew P. DeLisa

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  1. Laura E. Yates
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  2. Dominic C. Mills
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  1. Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany

    Erdmann Rapp  & Udo Reichl  & 

  2. glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany

    Erdmann Rapp

  3. Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany

    Udo Reichl

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Yates, L.E., Mills, D.C., DeLisa, M.P. (2018). Bacterial Glycoengineering as a Biosynthetic Route to Customized Glycomolecules. In: Rapp, E., Reichl, U. (eds) Advances in Glycobiotechnology. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 175. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2018_72

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