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Biological Activity of Soils in the North of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago: Effect of the Largest Glacial Sheet in Russia

  • SOIL BIOLOGY
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Abstract

The vegetation cover and the chemical and physical properties of strongly skeletal residual-calcareous pelozems (Skeletic Leptosols (Loamic)), carbopetrozems (Calcaric Leptosols (Protic)), petrozems (Skeletic Leptosols (Protic)), and cryozems (Oxyaquic Cryosols (Loamic)) in the northern part of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago are described. The reserves and structure of microbial biomass, the intensity of СО2 (basal and substrate-induced respiration), СН4 (methanogenesis), and N2O (denitrification) emissions in the soil samples have been determined. The biomass of microorganisms (prokaryotes and fungi in total) varies from 22.50 to 390.18 μg/g soil. The share of mycobiota in the microbial biomass reaches 80–98%. Most of the microbial biomass (up to 50%) is concentrated in the surface horizons. The number of prokaryotes ranges from 1.5 × 107 to 9.66 × 108 cells/g soil, and the biomass of fungi varies from 22 to 372 μg/g soil. The length of the actinomycete mycelium is small: from 0.6 to 23.5 m/g soil, and the length of fungal hyphae is an order of magnitude higher (up to 166 m/g soil). All parameters of the biological activity of the studied soils sharply decrease down the soil profiles being positively correlated with the contents of organic matter, carbon, and nitrogen. In general, the values of the studied indicators of the biological activity of soils in the north of Novaya Zemlya are lower than those in soils located 3°–5° to the north, on Franz Josef Land. This phenomenon is explained by the influence of the largest glacier in Russia on the soil and vegetation cover on the adjacent territory in the north of Novaya Zemlya.

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Notes

  1. Symbol sk was suggested by N.B. Khitrov and M.I. Gersimova to denote horizons with the high content of the coarse skeletal (>2 mm) material.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to the project “Arctic Floating University” initiated by the M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University and personally to K.S. Zaikov for organizing field work on Novaya Zemlya. They also express their gratitude to A.V. Pochikalov for the determination of the carbon and nitrogen contents in the soil samples.

Funding

The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 20-04-00328, microbiological analyses) and the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 20-17-00212, analysis of the influence of the ice sheet on pedogenesis in the periglacial zone). Physicochemical analyses, calculation of carbon stocks, and determination of the classification position of studied soils were performed within the framework of state assignment no. 0148-2019-0006.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    D. A. Nikitin

  2. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    L. V. Lysak & D. V. Badmadashiev

  3. Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia

    S. S. Kholod

  4. Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    D. A. Nikitin, N. S. Mergelov, A. V. Dolgikh & S. V. Goryachkin

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  1. D. A. Nikitin
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  2. L. V. Lysak
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  3. D. V. Badmadashiev
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  4. S. S. Kholod
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  5. N. S. Mergelov
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  6. A. V. Dolgikh
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  7. S. V. Goryachkin
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Correspondence to D. A. Nikitin.

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Translated by D. Konyushkov

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Nikitin, D.A., Lysak, L.V., Badmadashiev, D.V. et al. Biological Activity of Soils in the North of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago: Effect of the Largest Glacial Sheet in Russia. Eurasian Soil Sc. 54, 1496–1516 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229321100082

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229321100082

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