Summary
Somatic embryos were obtained from a 60-yr-old Quercus suber L. tree. Leaf explants were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog medium with 30 gl−1 sucrose, 3 gl−1 gelrite, pH adjusted to 5.8, and different growth regulator combinations. Callus induction took place at 24±1°C in the dark during the first 3 wk. After 3 mo, calluses that showed embryogenic structures were transferred to the same medium without growth regulators. Somatic embryogenesis was only observed in calluses induced on E3 medium (supplemented with 4.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 9.0 μM zeatin). On average, 7.5% of the initial explants formed embryogenic calluses in this medium. Somatic embryo proliferation was high due to secondary embryogenesis. On average, 10% of the somatic embryos germinated and 40% of these germinated embryos converted into plants. Plants were elongated on the same medium without growth regulators and acclimated to greenhouse conditions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bueno, M.; Astorga, R.; Manzanera, J. Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in Quercus suber. Physiol. Plant. 85:30–34; 1992.
Bueno, M.; Gómez, A.; Vicente, O.; Manzanera, J. Somatic and gametic embryogenesis in Quercus suber L. In: Gupta, P. K.; Jain, S.M.; Newton, R. J., eds. Somatic embryogenesis in woody plants, vol. 6. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2000:479–507.
Chalupa, A. V. Somatic embryogenesis in oak (Quercus spp.) In: Mohan, S.; Jain, S. M.; Gupta, P. K.; Newton, R. J., eds Somatic embryogenesis in woody plants, vol. 2. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1995:67–87.
Cuenca, V.; San-José, M.; Martínez, M.; Ballester, A.; Vieitez, A. Somatic embryogenesis from stem explants of Quercus robur L. Plant Cell Rep. 18:538–543; 1999.
FAO, Food and Agriculture Organisation country report for Portugal. In: Ministry of Agriculture, ed. FAO, International Conference and Programme for Plant Genetic Resources, Leipzig, Germany; 1996:35–37.
Fernandez-Guijarro, B.; Celestino, C.; Toribio, M. Influence of external factors on secondary embryogenesis and germination in somatic embryos from leaves of Quercus suber. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 41:99–106; 1995.
Garcia-Martin, G.; Gonzalez-Benito, M.; Manzanera, J. Quercus suber L. somatic embryo germination and plant conversion: pre-treatments and germination conditions. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 37:190–198; 2001.
Hernandez, L.; Celestino, C.; Martinez, J.; Hormero, J.; Gallego, J.; Toribio, M. Induction of somatic embryogenesis in leaves from mature Quercus suber trees. In: O'Riordain, F., ed. Physiology and control of plant propagation in vitro. Report of activities, Eur Cost Action 822. Krakow, Poland: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities; 1999:17–18.
Hoagland, D.; Arnon, D. I. The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. Univ. Cal. Coll. Agric. Exp. Sta. Circ. Berkeley, CA; 1938:347–353.
Hornero, J.; Martinez, L.; Celestino, C.; Gallego, J.; Torres, V.; Toribio, M. Early checking of genetic stability of cork oak somatic embryos by AFLP analysis. Int. J. Plant Sci. 162:827–833; 2001.
Kim, Y. Somatic embryogenesis in Quercus acutissima. In: Jain, S.M.; Gupta, P. K.; Newton, R. J., eds. Somatic embryogenesis in woody plants, vol. 6. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2000:671–686.
Maataoui, M.; Espagnae, H. Neoformation de structures de type embryos somatique sur cultures de tissue de chene liege (Quercus suber L.). C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 304(III):83–88; 1987.
Manzanera, J.; Astorga, R.; Bueno, M. Somatic embryo induction and germination in Quercus suber L. Silv. Genet. 42:90–93; 1993.
Murashige, T.; Skoog, F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15:473–497; 1962.
Pinto, G.; Amaral, R.; Santos, C.; Carnide, O. Somatic embryogenesis in calluses of leaves from three year old Quercus suber L. plants. In: De Loose, M.; Amancio, S., eds. Quality enhancement of plant production through tissue culture. Book of Abstracts. Second Meeting of the Cost 843 WG3, Carcavelos, Portugal; 2001;40–41.
Rancillae, M.; Klinger, A.; Klinger, S.; Millet, B. Preliminary investigations on somatic embryogenesis from leaf dises of Quercus rubra. Plant Growth Regul. 20:67–73; 1996.
Toribio, M.; Celestino, C.; Gellego, J.; Martinez, I. Induction of somatic embryogenesis in tissues from mature oak trees. In: O'Riordain, F., ed. Development of integrated systems for large scale propagation of elite plants using in vitro techniques. Report of activities. Eur Cost Action 822. Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities; 1999; 236–237.
Wilhelm, E. Somatic embryogenesis in oak. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 36:349–357; 2000.
Wilhelm, E.; Burg, A.; Berenyi, M.; Endeman, M.; Rodler, R. Plantlet regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and investigation on Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of oak. In: Ajuha, M. R.; Bourjan, W.; Neale, D., eds. Somatic cell genetics and molecular genetics of trees. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1996:119–124.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pinto, G., Valentim, H., Costa, A. et al. Somatic embryogenesis in leaf callus from a mature Quercus suber L. Tree. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 38, 569–572 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1079/IVP2002352
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/IVP2002352