Abstract
The concentrations of vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in precipitation and on airborne particles were measured at three Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN) monitoring stations on Lakes Superior, Michigan and Erie during 1993 and 1994. These data were used to estimate annual wet and dry deposition fluxes at these sites. In most cases, both wet and dry deposition make an important contribution to the total atmospheric flux of trace metals. Total (wet + dry) annual loadings of Zn and Cr are higher at the Lake Erie site than at the Lake Michigan and Lake Superior sites. Atmospheric loadings of the other metals are similar at all three sites. Wet deposition of metals is more closely related to precipitation amount than to the concentration of metals in the precipitation. Dry deposition fluxes are controlled by the concentration of trace metals on large particles. Total particle mass concentrations are higher during the summer and fall at the Lake Erie site, however no seasonal trends in total particle mass at the other sites or trace metals at any of the sites were detected. The total atmospheric loadings calculated in this work are in agreement with other estimates of metals deposition to the Great Lakes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brice, K. A. and Hoffman, A. J.: 1993, Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network: Quality Assurance Program Plan, ARQP, Atmospheric Environment Service, Environment Canada, Downsview, Ontario.
Chow, J. C. and Ono, D. M.: 1992, ‘PM10 Standards and Nontraditional Particle Source Controls: Overview of the Technical Program', in Chow, J. C. and Ono, D. M. (eds.), PM10 Standards and Nontraditional Particulate Source Controls, Vol. 1, Air and Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA.
Cole, K. L., Engstrom, D. R., Futyma, R. P. and Stottlemyer, R.: 1990, Environ. Sci. Technol. 24, 543.
Eisenreich, S. J. and Strachan, W. M. J.: 1992, Estimating Atmospheric Deposition of Toxic Substances to the Great Lakes — An Update, Great Lakes Protection Fund/Environment Canada, Gray Freshwater Biological Institute, University of Minnesota, Navarre, MN.
Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. and Pitts, J. N.: 1988, Atmospheric Chemistry: Fundamentals and Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 730-753.
Gatz, D. F., Bowersox, V. C. and Su, J.: 1989, J. Great Lakes Res. 15, 246.
Hoff, R. M. and Brice, K. A.: 1994, Atmospheric Dry Deposition of PAHs and Trace Metals to Lake Ontario and Lake Huron. Paper 94-RA110.04, Proceedings of the 87th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association, Air and Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA.
Hoff, R. M., Strachan, W. M. J., Sweet, C. W., Chan, C.H., Shackleton, M., Bidleman, T. F., Brice, K. A., Burniston, D. A., Cussion, S., Gatz, D. F., Harlin, K. and Schroeder, W. H.: 1996, Atmosph. Environ. 30, 3505.
Holsen, T. M. and Noll, K. E.: 1992, Environ. Sci. Technol. 26, 1807.
Kellogg, R. B.: 1992, Standard Operating Procedure for the Source Apportionment Research Branch LBL EnergyDispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer, SP-4420-93-04, USEPA, Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Kuntz, K. W.: 1978, Atmospheric Bulk Precipitation in the Lake Erie Basin, Report Series No. 56, Inland Waters Directorate, Water Quality Branch, Burlington, Ont.
Lin, J. J., Holsen, T. M. and Noll, K. E.: 1994, Atmospheric Dry Deposition Around Lake Michigan: Comparison of Modeled and Ambient Data, Paper 94-RA110.01, Proceedings of the 87th Annual Meeting of the Air andWasteManagement Association, Air and Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA.
Milford, J. B. and Davidson, C. I.: 1985, J. Air Pollut. Cont. Assoc. 35, 1249.
Schell, W. R.: 1986, Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 847.
Sievering, H., Mehul, D., Dolske, D. A., Hughes, R. L. and McCoy, P.: 1979, An Experimental Study of Lake Loading by Aerosol Transport and Dry Deposition in the Southern Lake Michigan Basin, EPA-905/4-79-016, Great Lakes National Program Office, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL.
Strachan, W. M. J. and Eisenreich, S. J.: 1988, Mass Balancing of Toxic Chemicals in the Great Lakes: The Role of Atmospheric Deposition, International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ontario.
Swackhamer, D. L., McVeety, B. D. and Hites, R. A.: 1988, Environ. Sci. Technol. 22, 664.
Sweet, C. W. and Gatz, D. F.: 1987, ‘Vapor-Particle Ratios for Airborne Mercury, Arsenic and Selenium at Urban Sites in Illinois', in S. E. Lindberg and T. C. Hutchinson (eds.), Heavy Metals in the Environment, CEP Consultants Ltd., Edinburgh, UK.
Sweet, C. W., Vermette, S. J. and Landsberger, S.: 1993, Environ. Sci. Technol. 27, 2502.
Sweet, C. W., Harlin, K., Gatz, D. F. and Bauer, S.: 1996, Great Lakes Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN): Data Report 1993—1994, Misc. Publ. 173, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL.
Torok, D. and Vermette, S. J.: 1997, J. Great Lakes Res., (in press).
USEPA: 1985, Five-year program strategy for the Great Lakes National Program Office, 1986—1990, EPA-905/9-85-002, Great Lakes National Program Office, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL.
USEPA: 1988, The Great Lakes: An Environmental Atlas and Resource Book, EPA-905/9-87-002, Great Lakes National Program Office, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL.
Vermette, S. J., Peden, M. E., Willoughby, T. C., Lindberg, S. E. and Weiss, A. D.: 1995, Atmosph. Environ. 29, 1221.
Voldner, E. C. and Eisenreich, S. J.: 1989, A plan for Assessing Atmospheric Deposition to the Great Lakes, Water Quality Board, International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ontario.
Voldner, E. C. and Alvo, M.: 1993, Environ. Sci. Technol. 27, 292.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sweet, C.W., Weiss, A. & Vermette, S.J. Atmospheric Deposition of Trace Metals at Three Sites Near the Great Lakes. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 103, 423–439 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004905832617
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004905832617