Abstract
Microbial fermentation could produce many active substances in green and pollution-free ways. In recent years, studies on the hypoglycemic ability of microorganisms had become a trending topic in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Garlic is a food containing a variety of biologically active substances and physiological functions, but it is not accepted by the general public because of its strong pungent smell. In our study, the microorganisms with potential hypoglycemic effect were screened from strains resistant to garlic juice. As a result, 41 strains of Bacillus, 157 strains of lactic acid bacteria, and 23 strains of yeast with tolerance of garlic juice were screened from the selected 568 strains. After primary screening of α-amylase inhibitor, it was found that 15 Bacillus and 9 lactic acid bacteria had high α-amylase inhibitory activity. Besides, after α-glucosidase inhibitor re-screening, Pediococcus acidilactici Z1 with high α-amylase inhibitory activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was screened out. The results of fermented garlic showed that the inhibition rate of α-amylase and α-glucosidase of garlic from different origins were significantly increased from 59.09 to 63.99% (p < 0.01) and from 52.71 to 71.93% (p < 0.01) after Z1 fermentation, respectively. The improvement rates of α-amylase and α-glucosidase were 107.69 to 287.32%, and 197.74 to 239.86%, respectively. In a word, this study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of new functional garlic products.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.
References
Shang A, Cao SY, Xu XY, Gan RY, Tang GY, Corke H, Mavumengwana V, Li HB. Bioactive compounds and biological functions of garlic (Allium sativum L.). 2019. Foods. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8070246.
Mancini S, Mattioli S, Nuvoloni R, Pedonese F, Dal Bosco A, Paci G. Effects of garlic powder and salt on meat quality and microbial loads of rabbit burgers. 2020. Foods. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9081022.
Kimura S, Tung YC, Pan MH, Su NW, Lai YJ, Cheng KC. Black garlic: a critical review of its production, bioactivity, and application. J Food Drug Anal. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.003.
Park E, Baek SH, Bang KS, Kim NH, Takimoto K. Fermented garlic extract increases oxygen consumption and UCP-1 mRNA expression in human adipose-derived stem cells. Cell J. 2019. https://doi.org/10.22074/cellj.2019.6382.
Irfan M, Kim M, Kim KS, Kim TH, Kim SD, Hong SB, Kim HK, Rhee MH. Fermented garlic ameliorates hypercholesterolemia and inhibits platelet activation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3030967.
Jung YM, Lee SH, Lee DS, You MJ, Chung IK, Cheon WH, Kwon YS, Lee YJ, Ku SK. Fermented garlic protects diabetic, obese mice when fed a high-fat diet by antioxidant effects. Nutr Res. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2011.04.005.
Schmidt AM. Highlighting diabetes mellitus: the epidemic continues. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.310221.
Wu YY, Xiao E, Graves DT. Diabetes mellitus related bone metabolism and periodontal disease. Int J Oral Sci. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijos.2015.2.
Petak S, Sardhu A. The Intersection of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2018. https://doi.org/10.14797/mdcj-14-4-249.
Kato J, Shirakami Y, Mizutani T, Kubota M, Sakai H, Ibuka T, Shimizu M. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor voglibose suppresses azoxymethane-induced colonic preneoplastic lesions in diabetic and obese mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062226.
Yousefi F, Mahjoub S, Pouramir M, Khadir F. Hypoglycemic activity of Pyrus biossieriana Buhse leaf extract and arbutin: Inhibitory effects on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase. Caspian J Intern Med. 2013;4:763–7.
Kim S, Huang E, Park S, Holzapfel W, Lim SD. Physiological Characteristics and Anti-obesity Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum K10. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour. 2018. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2018.38.3.554.
Nguyen VB, Wang SL. Reclamation of marine chitinous materials for the production of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors via microbial conversion. Mar Drugs. 2017. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15110350.
Velayati A, Kareem I, Sedaghat M, Sohrab G, Nikpayam O, Hedayati M, Abhari K, Hejazi E. Does symbiotic supplementation which contains Bacillus Coagulans Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and fructooligosaccharide has favourite effects in patients with type-2 diabetes? A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2021.1928225.
Gu FL, Chen YG, Fang YM, Tan L. Contribution of Bacillus isolates to the flavor profiles of Vanilla beans assessed through aroma analysis and chemometrics. Molecules. 2015. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201018422.
Seo HS, Lee S, Singh D, Park MK, et al. Evaluating the headspace volatolome, primary metabolites, and aroma characteristics of Koji fermented with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Aspergillus oryzae. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1804.04017.
Slatery C, Cotter PD, O’Toole PW. Analysis of health benefits conferred by Lactobacillus species from kefir. Nutrients. 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061252.
Jung YM, Lee SH, Lee DS, et al. Fermented garlic protects diabetic, obese mice when fed a high-fat diet by antioxidant effects. Nutr Res. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2011.04.005.
Thao NP, Binh PT, Luyen NT, Hung TM, Dang NH, Dat NT. α-Amylase and alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Chemical Constituents from Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck.) Merr. Leaves. J Anal Methods Chem. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2794904.
Liao SM, Shen NK, Liang G, Lu B, et al. Inhibition of α-amylase Activity by Zn2+: insights from spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Med Chem. 2019. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573406415666181217114101.
Lemar KM, Turner MP, Lloyd D. Garlic (Allium sativum) as an anti-Candida agent: a comparison of the efficacy of fresh garlic and freeze-dried extracts. J Appl Microbiol. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01707.x.
Enez B. Purification and characterization of thermostable α-amylase from soil bacterium Bacillus sp. Protein Pept Lett. 2021. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929866528666211027113113.
Tran AM, Unban K, Kanpiengjai A, Khanongnuch C, Mathiesen G, Haltrich D, Nguyen TH. Efficient secretion and recombinant production of a Lactobacillal α-amylase in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1: analysis and comparison of the secretion using different signal peptides. Front Microbiol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.689413.
Panwar H, Calderwood D, Grant IR, Grover S, Green BD. Lactobacillus strains isolated from infant faeces possess potent inhibitory activity against intestinal alpha- and beta-glucosidases suggesting anti-diabetic potential. Eur J Nutr. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-013-0649-9.
Praveen Kumar P, Preetam Raj JP, Nimal Christhudas IV, Sagaya Jansi R, Narbert Raj M, Agastian P. alpha-Glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant properties of Streptomyces sp.: in vitro. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0650-z.
Ioannou A, Knol J, Belzer C. Microbial glycoside hydrolases in the first year of life: an analysis review on their presence and importance in infant gut. Front Microbiol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.631282.
Dang F, Jiang Y, Pan R, Zhou Y, et al. Administration of Lactobacillus paracasei ameliorates type 2 diabetes in mice. Food Funct. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8fo00081f.
Yamada T, Hida H, Yamada Y. Chemistry, physiological properties, and microbial production of hydroxycitric acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-007-0962-4.
Ried K, Frank OR, Stocks NP. Aged garlic extract lowers blood pressure in patients with treated but uncontrolled hypertension: a randomised controlled trial. Maturitas. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2012.178.
Acknowledgements
This article was financially supported by the program of Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education in Jiangnan University (KLIB-KF202105), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), and Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (No. 111-2-06), the National High Technology Research and Development Program 863 (No. 2018YFD0400403).
Funding
Information that explains whether and by whom the research was supported in the acknowledgment section.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
MY: methodology, investigation, validation, formal analysis, visualization, writing—original draft, review & editing, and resources. CFL, CTN, JJW, FYZ, and XX: methodology, investigation, and supervision. SSC: methodology, and writing—review and editing. QL: funding acquisition, conceptualization, supervision, and writing—review and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
All authors declared no conflict of interest including financial, personal, and other relationships with other people and other organizations for the submitted work.
Consent for publication
All the authors mutually agreed to submit the manuscript to Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Ye, M., Liu, C., Chen, S. et al. Screening of strains with potential hypoglycemic effect and its application in fermented garlic production. Syst Microbiol and Biomanuf 3, 602–614 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43393-022-00129-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43393-022-00129-0