Abstract
Fatty compounds have significant industrial applications as coatings, plastics, cleaning products, emulsifiers, structuring, and gelling agents. Due to these applications, it is important to understand their physical and chemical properties, such as melting behavior, crystallization processes, and phase transitions, all of them related to solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE). In this study, six binary mixtures composed of tristearin (SSS) plus fatty acids (capric acid, lauric acid, and myristic acid) and tristearin plus fatty alcohol compounds (1-decanol, 1-dodecanol, and 1-tetradecanol) were investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy analysis. The phase diagrams formed by tristearin + fatty acids presented a monotectic behavior and the phase diagrams formed by tristearin + fatty alcohol compounds, on the other hand, exhibited a solid solution formation on the entire composition range, although the liquidus line shape was very similar to that observed in the systems formed by fatty acids. The liquidus line of all systems were well-described by NRTL and three-suffix Margules models, and also by ideal assumption. The best result was observed for the three-suffix Margules model, with a root mean square deviation (RMSD) equal to 0.26.
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Abbreviations
- ARD:
-
Average relative deviation
- DSC:
-
Differential scanning calorimetry
- NRTL:
-
Non-random two-liquid model
- RMSD:
-
Root mean square deviation
- SLE:
-
Solid–liquid equilibrium
- SSS:
-
Tristearin
- TAG:
-
Triacylglycerols
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Funding
The authors thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior–Brazil (CAPES)–Finance Code 001, FAPESP (2014/21252-0 and 2018/19198-9), CNPq (305870/2014-9, 406963/2014-4, 306666/2020-0, 309780/2014-4, and 132149/2017-6), and FAEPEX/UNICAMP for the financial support. The authors also thank Espaço da Escrita–Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa–UNICAMP–for the language services provided.
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PFP and MFC designed research; CMC, BEAC, MAJA conducted review, editing, and provided funding acquisition, project administration, and resources; PFP wrote the paper.
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43153_2022_227_MOESM1_ESM.docx
Experimental data and Ideal assumption, NRTL and three-suffix Margules UNIFAC model plots to the systems studied: SSS+C10; SSS+C12; SSS+C14; SSS+C10OH; SSS+C12OH; SSS+C14OH (DOCX 301 KB)
SI Figure 1.
Hemolymph (N = 6–12) and urinary (N = 4-12) essential amino acid composition of immersed (0-h) and emersed crabs over a 160-hour time-course exposure. Where data in not available for urinary concentrations no detectable amino acid presence was found. Values are represented as the mean ± S.E.M. (JPG 43 KB)
SI Figure 2.
Hemolymph (N = 6–12) non-essential amino acid composition of immersed (0-h) and emersed crabs over a 160-hour time-course exposure. Where data in not available for urinary concentrations no detectable amino acid presence was found. Values are represented as the mean ± S.E.M. (JPG 80 KB)
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Pelaquim, F.P., de Matos, F.C., Batista, E.A.C. et al. Solid–liquid phase equilibrium diagrams of binary mixtures containing fatty acids, fatty alcohol compounds, and tristearin. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 40, 269–286 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-022-00227-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-022-00227-5