Abstract
Bacillus subtilis and Rhodopseudomonas palustris are two widely used beneficial microbial inoculums in agriculture. However, whether they have synergistic effects on plant growth and their non-target effects on the root-associated microbial communities is still unknown. In this study, we aimed at understanding the effect of the synergism of two microorganisms on rice root microorganisms and related C, N, and P cycling genes. We used a pot experiment and looked at how the growth of rice plants, soil functions, and the bacterial community in the root zone responded to the single and co-inoculation of B. subtilis and R. palustris. The findings demonstrated that both single and co-inoculation of B. subtilis and R. palustris increased the rice yields and seed setting rates by 0.3%,13.7%, 13.3%, and 17.2%, respectively, and the co-inoculation presented better performance than the single inoculation. Microbial inoculation significantly changed the structure and composition of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane, and rhizoplane showed more significant changes than those observed in the rhizosphere. Putative functional gene abundances related to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling were also enhanced with the inoculation, which were significantly related to the rice seed setting rates, including genes related to arabinofuranosidase, beta-galactosidase, pullulanase, glucoamylase, and chitinase, and nirK, nirA, ureC, nasA, and napA, gdh, phoD, and pqqC (r = 0.58 ~ 0.72; p < 0.05). These genes were possibly carried by Geobacter and Caulobacter. These findings expand the current understanding of the microbial inoculation on the underlying microbial mechanisms in agricultural ecosystem.
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Data Availability
The raw sequencing reads of the 16S rRNA gene were deposited in the Genome Sequence Archive (publicly accessible at http://bigd.big.ac.cn/gsa) under accession number CRA007857.
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Funding
This research work was supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (No. 42007027) and the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (SJCX211264, SJCX221387).
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Xian Xiao and Yuan Zhao designed the experiments, Yifeng Gui executed the experiments, Yifeng Gui and Caihong Gu analyzed the data, and Yifeng Gui, Yuexiang Gao, and Caihong Gu wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Gui, Y., Gu, C., Xiao, X. et al. Microbial Inoculations Promoted the Rice Plant Growth by Regulating the Root-Zone Bacterial Community Composition and Potential Function. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 23, 5222–5232 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01394-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01394-1