Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a kind of catecholamine that enhances plants’ ability to resist stress. However, the effects of DA treatment on the stress resistance of watermelon under continuous cropping obstacles remain unclear. The seedlings were treated at three-leaf-stage by exogenous dopamine. Then leaf-samples were collected in 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40days and examined by colorimetry to measure the activity of antioxidant enzymes and nitrogen-assimilating enzymes or the chlorophyll content. After measuring antioxidant metabolism by colorimetry, the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase with 100 μmol L−1 dopamine treatment (DA100) in the two cultivars were over 31%, 25%, 30%, 32%, and 57% higher than those in the control (DA0), respectively. Nitrogen metabolism was measured by colorimetry. The activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in DA100 in the two cultivars were over 38%, 34%, 28%, and 53% higher than those in the control (DA0), respectively. DA treatment improved photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll content. The chlorophyll content of “Qianding No. 1” in the DA100 group was 26.94% higher than that of plants in the DA0 group. In conclusion, the most suitable concentration of dopamine was 100 μmol L−1. The effects confirmed the physiological mechanism by which exogenous dopamine enhances watermelon resistance to continuous cropping stress. This study may provide insights and mechanism validation for watermelon production to resist continuous cropping obstacles.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The data underlying this article are available in the article and in its online supplementary material.
References
Aebi H (1984) Catalase in vitro. In: Methods in Enzymology, vol 105. Academic Press, US, pp 121–126
Ahammed G, Li X, Wan H, Zhou G, Cheng Y (2020) SlWRKY81 reduces drought tolerance by attenuating proline biosynthesis in tomato. Sci. Hortic 270:109444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109444
Bach C, Warnock D, Van Horn D, Weintraub M, Sinsabaugh R, Allison S, German D (2013) Measuring phenol oxidase and peroxidase activities with pyrogallol, l-DOPA, and ABTS: Effect of assay conditions and soil type. Soil Biol Biochem 67:183–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.08.022
Bates L, Waldren R, Teare I (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil 39(1):205–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060
Bolay P, Muro-Pastor M, Florencio F, Klähn S (2018) The distinctive regulation of cyanobacterial glutamine synthetase. Life 8(4):52. https://doi.org/10.3390/life8040052
Chen T, Kahlen K, StUTzel H (2015) Disentangling the contributions of osmotic and ionic effects of salinity on stomatal, mesophyll, biochemical and light limitations to photosynthesis. Plant Cell Environ 38(8):1528–1542. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12504
Chen P, Wang Y, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Li X, Li H, Li W (2020) Phase changes of continuous cropping obstacles in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) production. Appl Soil Ecol 155:103626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103626
Debouba M, Maaroufi-Dghimi H, Suzuki A, Ghorbel M, Gouia H (2007) Changes in growth and activity of enzymes involved in nitrate reduction and ammonium assimilation in tomato seedlings in response to NaCl stress. Ann Bot-London 99(6):1143–1151. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm050
Diao Q, Song Y, Qi H (2015) Exogenous spermidine enhances chilling tolerance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings via involvement in polyamines metabolism and physiological parameter levels. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 37(11):230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-015-1980-y
Ding S, Zhou D, Wei H, Wu S, Xie B (2021) Alleviating soil degradation caused by watermelon continuous cropping obstacle: application of urban waste compost. Chemosphere 262:128387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128387
Esim N, Atici Ö (2015) Effects of exogenous nitric oxide and salicylic acid on chilling-induced oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Front Life Sci 8(2):124–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2014.998299
Fu Y, Zhang Z, Yuan S (2018) Putative connections between nitrate reductase S-nitrosylation and NO synthesis under pathogen attacks and abiotic stresses. Front Life Sci 9:474. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00474
Gao J (2006) Plant physiology experiment instructor. Higher Education Press, Beijing, China
Gao Z, Han M, Hu Y, Li Z, Liu C, Wang X, Tian Q, Jiao W, Hu J, Liu L, Guan Z, Ma Z (2019) Effects of continuous cropping of sweet potato on the fungal community structure in rhizospheric soil. Front Microbiol 10:2269. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02269
Gao T, Zhang Z, Liu X, Wu Q, Chen Q, Liu Q, Nocker S, Ma F, Li C (2020) Physiological and transcriptome analyses of the effects of exogenous dopamine on drought tolerance in apple. Plant Physiol Bioch 148:260–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.022
Hennion F, Martin-Tanguy J (2000) Amines of the subantarctic crucifer Pringlea antiscorbutica are responsive to temperature conditions. Physiol Plantarum 109:232–243. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.100303.x
Huang Y, Xiao X, Huang H, Jing J, Zhao H, Wang L, Long X (2018) Contrasting beneficial and pathogenic microbial communities across consecutive cropping fields of greenhouse strawberry. Appl Microbiol Biot 102:5717–5729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9013-6
Hussain S, Iqbal N, Brestic M, Raza M, Pang T, Langham D, Safdar M, Ahmed S, Wen B, Gao Y, Liu W, Yang W (2019) Changes in morphology, chlorophyll fluorescence performance and Rubisco activity of soybean in response to foliar application of ionic titanium under normal light and shade environment. Sci Total Environ 658:626–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.182
Jiao X, Li Y, Zhang X, Liu C, Liang W, Li C, Ma F, Li C (2019) Exogenous dopamine application promotes alkali tolerance of apple seedlings. Plants 8:580. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8120580
Jiao C, Lan G, Sun Y, Wang G, Sun Y (2021) Dopamine alleviates chilling stress in watermelon seedlings via modulation of proline content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and polyamine metabolism. J Plant Growth Regul 40(1):277–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10096-2
Kalaji H, Oukarroum A, Alexandrov V, Kouzmanova M, Brestic M, Zivcak M, Samborska I, Cetner M, Allakhverdiev S, Goltsev V (2014) Identification of nutrient deficiency in maize and tomato plants by in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements. Plant Physiol Bioch 81:16–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.029
Kaya C, Okant M, Ugurlar F, Alyemeni MN, Ashraf M, Ahmad P (2019) Melatonin-mediated nitric oxide improves tolerance to cadmium toxicity by reducing oxidative stress in wheat plants. Chemosphere 225:627–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.026
Kulma A, Szopa J (2007) Catecholamines are active compounds in plants. Plant Sci 172(3):0–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.10.013
Kyriacou M, Leskovar D, Colla G, Rouphael Y (2018) Watermelon and melon fruit quality: the genotypic and agro-environmental factors implicated. Sci Hortic 234:393–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.01.032
Lan G, Jiao C, Wang G, Sun Y, Sun Y (2020) Effects of dopamine on growth, carbon metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber under nitrate stress. Sci Hortic 260:108790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108790
Lednor I (2015) Testing the robustness of the Plant Phenology Index to changes in temperature. Dissertation. Lund University
Li C, Wang P, Wei Z, Liang D, Ma F (2012) The mitigation effects of exogenous melatonin on salinity-induced stress in Malus hupehensis. J Pineal Res 53(3):298–306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2012.00999.x
Li C, Wei Z, Liang D, Zhou S, Li Y, Liu C, Ma F (2013) Enhanced salt resistance in apple plants overexpressing a Malus vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene is associated with differences in stomatal behavior and photosynthesis. Plant Physiol Biochem 70:164–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.05.005
Li H, Yuan G, Zhu C, Zhao T, Zhang R, Wang X, Yang J, Ma J, Zhang Y, Zhang X (2019a) Soil fumigation with ammonium bicarbonate or metam sodium under high temperature alleviates continuous cropping-induced Fusarium wilt in watermelon. Sci Hortic 246:979–986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.11.090
Li Y, Fang F, Wei J, Wu X, Cui R, Li G, Zheng F, Tan D (2019b) Humic acid fertilizer improved soil properties and soil microbial diversity of continuous cropping peanut: a three-year experiment. Sci Rep 9:979–986. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48620-4
Liang B, Li C, Ma C, Wei Z, Wang Q, Huang D, Chen Q, Li C, Ma F (2017) Dopamine alleviates nutrient deficiency-induced stress in Malus hupehensis. Plant Physiol Bioch 119:346–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.09.012
Liang B, Gao T, Zhao Q, Ma C, Chen Q, Wei Z, Li C, Ma F (2018) Effects of exogenous dopamine on the uptake, transport, and resorption of apple ionome under moderate drought. Front Plant Sci 9:755. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00755.plaphy.2017.09.012
Liu B, Zeng C, Xiao H (2008) Influences of boron on the acitivity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), production rate of superoxide anion radical and content of malondialdehyde in turfgrasses. J Huazhong Agric Univ 27:378–381. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1148.2008.00259
Liu J, Wang W, Wang L, Sun Y (2015) Exogenous melatonin improves seedling health index and drought tolerance in tomato. J Plant Growth Regulation 77(3):317–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-015-0066-6
Liu Q, Gao T, Liu W, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Li W, Ding K, Ma F, Li C (2020a) Functions of dopamine in plants: a review. Plant Signal Behav 15:1827782. https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2020.1827782
Liu Z, Liu J, Yu Z, Yao Q, Li Y, Liang A, Zhang W, Mi G, Jin J, Liu X, Wang G (2020b) Long-term continuous cropping of soybean is comparable to crop rotation in mediating microbial abundance, diversity and community composition. Soil Tillage Res 197:104503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104503
Lynch J (2011) Root phenes for enhanced soil exploration and phosphorus acquisition: tools for future crops. Plant Physiol 156(3):1041–1049. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.175414
Magwaza L, Opara U (2015) Analytical methods for determination of sugars and sweetness of horticultural products—a review. Sci Hortic 184:179–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.01.001
Meena M, Divyanshu K, Kumar S, Swapnil P, Zehra A, Shukla V, Yadav M, Upadhyay R (2019) Regulation of L-proline biosynthesis, signal transduction, transport, accumulation and its vital role in plants during variable environmental conditions. Heliyon 5:e02952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128387
Rajkumar M, Karuppaiah P, Sureshkumar R, Sendhilnathan R, Kumar N (2019) Graphical analysis of fruit yield and its component characters in snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina L.). Plant Archives 19:2925–2928
Swiedrych A, Lorenc-Kukuła K, Skirycz A, Szopa J (2004) The catecholamine biosynthesis route in potato is affected by stress. Plant Physiol Bioch 42(7):593–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2004.07.002
Szepesi A, Szollosi R (2018) Plant metabolites and regulation under environmental stress. In: In: Chapter 17 - Mechanism of Proline Biosynthesis and Role of Proline Metabolism Enzymes Under Environmental Stress in Plants. Academic Press, U.S, pp 337–353
Tan G, Liu Y, Peng S, Yin H, Meng D, Tao J, Gu Y, Li J, Yang S, Xiao N, Liu D, Xiang X, Zhou Z (2021) Soil potentials to resist continuous cropping obstacle: three field cases. Environ Res 200:111319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111319
Teng Y, Ren W, Li Z, Wang X, Liu W, Luo Y (2015) Advance in mechanism of peanut continuous cropping obstacle. Soil 47:259–265. https://doi.org/10.13758/j.cnki.tr.2015.02.010
Wang L, Liu J, Wang W, Sun Y (2016) Exogenous melatonin improves growth and photosynthetic capacity of cucumber under salinity-induced stress. Photosynthetica 54(1):19–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-015-0140-3
Wang S, Che T, Levit A, Shoichet B, Wacker D, Roth B (2018) Structure of the D2 dopamine receptor bound to the atypical antipsychotic drug risperidone. Nature 555:269–273. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25758
Xu X, Sun Y, Guo X, Sun B, Zhang J (2010) Effects of exogenous melatonin on ascorbate metabolism system in cucumber seedlings under high temperature stress. J Appl Ecol 21(10):2580–2586. https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.2010.0377
Zandalinas S, Yosef F, Devireddy A, Soham S, Azad R, Ron M (2020) Systemic signaling during abiotic stress combination in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci 117:13810–13820. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005077117
Zhang R, Sun Y, Liu Z, Jin W, Sun Y (2017) Effects of melatonin on seedling growth, mineral nutrition, and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber under nitrate stress. J Pineal Res 62(4):e12403. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.12403
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Prof. Fengwang Ma and Mr. Zhengwei Ma for their help in the management of the potted plants. The authors also thank the Science Research Center at College of Horticulture, NWAFU for the support of techniques used in this work.
Funding
This work was supported by the earmarked fund for the China Agricultural Research System (CARS-24).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Zeyu Liu and Zeyu Ji contributed equally to the work.
Supplementary Information
ESM 1:
Supplementary Fig. 1. Effects of exogenous dopamine on root vigor of watermelon. Data represent means ± SD. Different letters within a panel indicate significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05). The sample taken at 40d. a, ‘Qianding No.1’ (N); b, ‘Jingxin No.2’(J); DA means dopamine; the number means dopamine concentration of 0, 50, 100, 200 μmol L-1
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, Z., Ji, Z., Han, Y. et al. The Mitigation Effects of Exogenous Dopamine Treatment on Continuous Cropping Obstacles in Watermelon. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 23, 4233–4249 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01344-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01344-x