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Survey of entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi in the soil of onion and garlic fields in the Czech Republic and Israel

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Abstract

Bulb crops are attacked by various soil-dwelling pests and pathogens. Entomopathogenic (EPFs) and mycoparasitic fungi (MPFs) which are distributed in natural and agricultural soils worldwide can play an important role as natural enemies of bulb pests. The species richness and density of these fungi in onion and garlic fields have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of EPFs and MPFs in soils where these crops were grown and compared the data from sites of the Czech Republic and Israel. Methods of fungi isolation and quantification were based on elution of soil samples by water and cultivation using selective media with dodine for EPFs and cultivation using potato dextrose agar with chloramphenicol for MPFs. Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria spp., Isaria spp., Lecanicillium spp., Metarhizium spp., Purpureocillium spp. and mycoparasitic fungi Trichoderma spp. were isolated from soil samples in both countries. The highest density was observed in the genus Metarhizium in both countries. Metarhizium spp. were most abundant in the site Mlýn Podhora in the Czech Republic. The average density of colony-forming units (CFU) per 1 mL of soil sample was 1.47 × 104. The lowest density was observed in the genus Beauveria in both countries, up to 5.93 × 102 CFU per 1 mL of soil sample. Soils in the Czech Republic contained about ten times higher number of EPFs compared to Israel. Rather higher prevalence of MPFs was also found in the Czech Republic. Possible reasons for within and between countries variability in EPFs and MPFs occurrence are discussed.

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The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

EPFs:

Entomopathogenic fungi

MPFs:

Mycoparasitic fungi

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the farmers for allowing access to their fields for the collection of soil samples. Mrs. Olga Divišová is thanked for her technical help.

Funding

This research was funded by institutional support RVO: 60077344 and co-financed by Grant Agency of the University of South Bohemia (project No. 018/2018/Z). It was also an integral part of a joint Czech Republic and Israeli project titled ‘New biorational methods applied to control selected pests as an alternative to chemical pesticides to prevent contamination of soil and water resource’, supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (project No. 8G15006) and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Space, State Israel (project No. 3-13035). Publication of this study was funded by the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic (project No. TP01010022).

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  1. Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

    Jana Konopická, Jiří Nermuť, Vladimír Půža & Rostislav Zemek

  2. Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

    Jana Konopická

  3. Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

    Andrea Bohatá

  4. Newe-Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel

    Eric Palevsky

Authors
  1. Jana Konopická
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  2. Andrea Bohatá
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  3. Eric Palevsky
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  4. Jiří Nermuť
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  5. Vladimír Půža
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  6. Rostislav Zemek
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Contributions

Conceptualization was done by JK and RZ. Methodology was carried out by JK and AB. Soil sampling was done by RZ, EP and JN. Experiments and data collection were carried out by JK. Data analysis was done by JK and RZ. Validation was done by RZ and JN. Writing—original draft preparation were carried out by JK. Writing—review and editing were carried out by JK, RZ and EP. Visualization was done by VP. Supervision was done by RZ and AB. Funding acquisition was done by EP and RZ. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jana Konopická.

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Konopická, J., Bohatá, A., Palevsky, E. et al. Survey of entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi in the soil of onion and garlic fields in the Czech Republic and Israel. J Plant Dis Prot 129, 271–281 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-021-00557-5

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