Abstract
Genome editing technology comprises site-directed mutagenesis of genomes, involving alterations of few bases to precise replacement of a fragment or an entire gene sequence. Among multiple types of genome editing technologies developed, CRISPR-Cas9 and its latest variants have been revolutionizing the field of genetic engineering and plant biotechnology. Despite several advantages the CRISPR-Cas9 technology offers, it often suffers from low efficiency in creating desirable mutants in several crop plant species. In this review, we discuss various emerging strategies to improve genome editing efficiency in crop plants. The strategies include increased expression of genome editing components using high efficiency viral vectors, employment of inhibitors of chromatin modifiers, and using plant DNA viruses as donor DNA carriers. Additionally, we also discuss strategies to obtain transgene-free genome edited crops.
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Abbreviations
- ABE:
-
Adenine base editing
- Alt-EJ:
-
Alternative-end joining
- BCTV:
-
Beet curly top virus
- BeYDV:
-
Bean yellow dwarf virus
- CBE:
-
Cytosine base editing
- CP:
-
Coat protein
- CRISPR:
-
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- DMSO:
-
Dimethyl sulfoxide
- dsDNA:
-
Double-stranded DNA
- gRNA:
-
Guide RNA
- GVR:
-
Geminivirus replicons
- HATs:
-
Histone acetyltransferases
- HDACi:
-
Histone deacetylase inhibitor(s)
- HDACs:
-
Histone deacetylases
- HDR:
-
Homology-directed repair
- HR:
-
Homologous recombination
- MP:
-
Movement protein
- NA:
-
Nicotinamide
- NaBt:
-
Sodium butyrate
- NHEJ:
-
Non-homologous end joining
- PCR:
-
Polymerase chain reaction
- RNP:
-
Ribonucleoprotein(s)
- SDN:
-
Site-directed nuclease
- sgRNA:
-
Single guide RNA
- SSNs:
-
Sequence-specific nucleases
- TALENs:
-
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases
- TGMV:
-
Tomato golden mosaic virus
- Ti plasmid:
-
Tumor-inducing plasmid
- TMV:
-
Tobacco mosaic virus
- TRBO:
-
Tobacco mosaic virus RNA-based overexpression
- TRV:
-
Tobacco rattle virus
- TSA:
-
Trichostatin
- UGI:
-
UNG inhibitor
- UNG:
-
Uracil DNA glycosylase
- VIGE:
-
Virus-induced genome editing
- ZNFs:
-
Zinc-finger nucleases
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Funding
GM is thankful to the Birla Institute of Science and Technology (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad campus, for the research grant (BITS/GAU/ACRG/2019/H0576) and the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India, for the Ramanujan Fellowship Research Grant (SB-S2-RJN-062-2017) and CRG grant (CRG/2020/002855). KM, SKM, and GM, are thankful to Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Agricultural Science Fund (NASF) for the research grant (F. No. NASF/BGAM-9013/2022-23).
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Aravind, B., Molla, K., Mangrauthia, S.K. et al. Strategies to improve genome editing efficiency in crop plants. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 32, 661–672 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-023-00860-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-023-00860-2