Abstract
Iron is a mineral micronutrient essential for survival and vital functions in many biological processes in living organisms. Iron plays a crucial role as a cofactor of iron-sulfur clusters in energy metabolism and biosynthesis by binding with enzymes and transferring electrons to targets. Iron can also impair cellular functions by damaging organelles and nucleic acids by producing free radicals from redox cycling. Iron-catalyzed reaction products can induce active-site mutations in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the boosted pro-oxidant iron form may contribute to cytotoxicity by increasing soluble radicals and highly reactive oxygen species via the Fenton reaction. An increased redox-active labile iron pool is required for tumor growth and metastasis, but the increased cytotoxic lipid radicals also lead to regulated cell death, such as ferroptosis. Therefore, this may be a major target for selectively killing cancer cells. This review intends to understand altered iron metabolism in cancers and discuss iron-related molecular regulators highly associated with iron-induced cytotoxic radical production and ferroptosis induction, focusing on head and neck cancer.
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Abbreviations
- CISD1/2:
-
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain 1/2
- Cys:
-
cysteine
- Cys-Cys:
-
cystine
- DMT1 (SLC11A2):
-
divalent metal (iron) transporter 1
- FPN (SLC40A1):
-
ferroportin
- FTH:
-
ferritin heavy chain
- Glu:
-
glutamate
- GPX4:
-
glutathione peroxidase 4
- GRX5:
-
glutaredoxin 5
- GSH:
-
glutathione
- HAMP:
-
hepcidin
- HO-1:
-
heme oxygenase 1
- HNC:
-
head and neck cancer
- Keap1:
-
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- LIP:
-
labile iron pool
- Mfr:
-
mitoferrin
- NCOA4:
-
nuclear receptor coactivator 4
- Nrf2:
-
nuclear erythroid 2-related factor
- NTBI:
-
non-transferrin-bound-iron
- PCBP:
-
poly(C)-binding protein
- PL-PUFA:
-
polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipid
- PL-PUFA-OH:
-
polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipid alcohol
- STEAP3:
-
six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3
- TfR:
-
transferrin receptor
- xCT (SLC7A11):
-
system xc– cystine/glutamate antiporter
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant, funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), Republic of Korea (No. 2019R1A2C2002259).
Funding
This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant, funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), Republic of Korea (No. 2019R1A2C2002259).
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JL: Conceived the structure of the article and wrote the manuscript; JLR: Contributed to planning and manuscript writing, and acquired funding.
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Lee, J., Roh, JL. Altered iron metabolism as a target for ferroptosis induction in head and neck cancer. Cell Oncol. 46, 801–810 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-023-00784-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-023-00784-y