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Pyrolysis temperature changes the physicochemical characteristics of water hyacinth-based biochar as a potential soil amendment

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Abstract

Temperature greatly determines biochar’s physicochemical characteristics during the pyrolysis of a biowaste. This study aimed to investigate how pyrolysis temperature alters the physicochemical characteristics of water hyacinth (WH) biochar as a soil amendment. WH biomass was slowly pyrolyzed at three temperatures (350, 550, and 750 °C) for 2 h. Results show that biochar yield lessened from 51.0 to 33.3% with a temperature rise. When pyrolysis temperature increased biochar’s pH (9.24–11.2), electrical conductivity (28.0–44.7 mS cm−1), liming capacity (17.7–33.0% CaCO3 equivalence), ash content (33.3–52.4%), available nutrients (Ca, Mg, K, P), surface area (1.1–29.8 m2 g−1), pore volume, C/N ratio (15.9–20.3), and water holding capacity increased. However, C, H, N, H/C (0.89–0.11) and O/C (0.62–0.49) ratios, cation exchange capacity (CEC) (44.4–2.3 cmol+kg−1), and pore width decreased. Surface functional groups shrank when pyrolysis temperature increased. As the temperature rises, WH biochar becomes structured, porous, and recalcitrant. All WH biochar samples show high alkalinity, particularly developed at 550 °C and 750 °C could replace liming materials in soil acidity alleviation. Biochar produced at 350 °C and 550 °C could improve agricultural soil fertility and nutrient retention capacity due to the lower C/N ratio, high N content, and CEC. Biochar produced at 550°C and 750 °C can sequester carbon in the soil. Biochar developed at 750 °C be applied to amend soil physical properties due to its comparably high surface area and porosity. Hence, the thermal conversion of WH biowaste to biochar helps obtain suitable biochar properties for soil amendment.

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Acknowledgements

Professor Shinjiro Sato’s lab members from the Faculty of Science and Engineering at Soka University, Japan, who helped with the biochar analysis, are highly acknowledged by the authors. The Ethiopian Lake Tana and Other Water Bodies Authority is dully acknowledged for granting access to the water hyacinth at Lake Tana.

Funding

This research was supported by Plankton Ecoengineering for Environment and Economic Transformations project, which was funded by MEXT/Japan, and the Project for Eco-Engineering for Agricultural Revitalization toward Improvement of Human Nutrition/EARTH: Water Hyacinth to Energy and Agricultural Crops funded by the Japan Science and Technology Agency/JST and Japan International Cooperation Agency/JICA under Japan Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development/SATREPS (grant number—JPMJSA2005).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural Resources Management, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Ashenafei Gezahegn, Yihenew G. Selassie & Solomon Addisu

  2. Department of Natural Resources Management, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Debark University, Debark, Ethiopia

    Ashenafei Gezahegn

  3. International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Getachew Agegnehu

  4. Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Black Mountain, 2-40 Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia

    Fekremariam Asargew Mihretie

  5. Department of Science & Engineering for Sustainable Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-Machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8577, Japan

    Yudai Kohira & Shinjiro Sato

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  1. Ashenafei Gezahegn
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  2. Yihenew G. Selassie
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Contributions

Ashenafei Gezahegn: conceptualization; methodology; formal analysis and investigation; writing—original draft preparation. Yihenew G. Selassie: conceptualization; methodology; supervision; writing—review and editing. Getachew Agegnehu: conceptualization; methodology; supervision; writing—review and editing. Solomon Addisu: conceptualization; methodology; supervision; funding acquisition; resources; writing—review and editing. Fekremariam Asargew Mihretie: conceptualization; methodology; writing—review and editing. Yudai Kohira: methodology; formal analysis and investigation; writing—review and editing. Shinjiro Sato: conceptualization; methodology; funding acquisition; formal analysis and investigation; resources; supervision; writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Ashenafei Gezahegn.

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Gezahegn, A., G. Selassie, Y., Agegnehu, G. et al. Pyrolysis temperature changes the physicochemical characteristics of water hyacinth-based biochar as a potential soil amendment. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05338-2

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