Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran production eco-friendly by fast pyrolysis from Dendrocalamus asper biomass

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recently, pyrolysis has raised great interest due to its high potential for yield high-quality bio-oil and value-added chemical production with the ability to be used as renewable energy, and/or for the production of high value-added chemical compounds. The chemical compounds produced and their quantities are entirely related to the characteristics and chemical composition of the precursor biomass and fast pyrolysis process conditions. In this work, Dendrocalamus asper biomass was performed using fast pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detector (Py-GC-MS). The non-wood biomass was characterized according to its chemical composition by determination and elemental composition. The biomass chemical composition have shown cellulose content (46.4%), hemicellulose content (14.9%), and Klason lignin content (18.9%). In addition, elemental composition demonstrated percentages of carbon (48.4%), oxygen (42.4%), and hydrogen (6.1%). In relation to carbohydrates, Py-GC-MS analyses showed the formation of several compounds of interest, such as acetic acid and, in smaller amounts, syringol, isoeugenol, and levoglucosan. On the other hand, the major compound found was 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (~128 kg/ton), which is a high value-added chemical compound for pharmacy industry. Several studies have demonstrated the potential of this 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans for pharmacological use, such as anti-tumor, anti-cancer, anti-tubercular, anti-malarial, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-viral activities. The techno-economic assessment showed that 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran has a high market price (6977.68 US$/ton), and that a single-batch production will lead to a positive techno-economic balance, with high-potential profitable business. Finally, the present study offers an effective and eco-friendly method for processing agroindustrial waste, which enables the 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans with high yield and quality.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets used can be accessed as requested by the authors.

References

  1. Mastini R, Kallis G, Hickel J (2021) A green new deal without growth? Ecol Econ 179:106832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106832

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Halkos G, Gkampoura EC (2021) Where do we stand on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals? An overview on progress. Econ Anal Policy 70:94–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2021.02.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ashokkumar V, Chen WH, Kumar G et al (2021) A biorefinery approach for high value-added bioproduct (astaxanthin) from alga Haematococcus sp. and residue pyrolysis for biochar synthesis and metallic iron production from hematite (Fe2O3). Fuel 304:121150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Tran QK, Le ML, Ly HV et al (2021) Fast pyrolysis of pitch pine biomass in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor for bio-oil production. J Ind Eng Chem 98:168–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2021.04.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Fiore S, Berruti F, Briens C (2018) Investigation of innovative and conventional pyrolysis of ligneous and herbaceous biomasses for biochar production. Biomass Bioenergy 119:381–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.10.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Chen W, Chen Y, Yang H et al (2017) Co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and microalgae: products characteristics and interaction effect. Bioresour Technol 245:860–868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Pego MFF, Bianchi ML, Veiga TRLA (2019) Avaliação das propriedades do bagaço de cana e bambu para produção de celulose e papel. Rev Ciências Agrárias 1–11. 10.22491/rca.2019.3158

  8. Kumar D, Mandal A (2022) Review on manufacturing and fundamental aspects of laminated bamboo products for structural applications. Constr Build Mater 348:128691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128691

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Wang Y, Li Y, Li C et al (2022) Catalytic pyrolysis of bamboo residue and its extracted three main components over copper modified ZSM-5 for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 167:105692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2022.105692

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Zheng C, Zhang H, Xu L, Xu F (2022) Production of multifunctional bamboo-based phase change encapsulating material by straightforward dry ball milling. J Energy Storage 46:103630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.103630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Sun H, Li H, Dauletbek A et al (2022) Review on materials and structures inspired by bamboo. Constr Build Mater 325:126656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126656

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Mendiara T, García-Labiano F, Abad A et al (2018) Negative CO2 emissions through the use of biofuels in chemical looping technology: a review. Appl Energy 232:657–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Sun Y, Li C, Li Q et al (2021) Pyrolysis of flaxseed residue: exploration of characteristics of the biochar and bio-oil products. J Energy Inst 97:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2021.03.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Getahun A, Kebede Y, Tadese Z et al (2023) Growth and biomass production of five exotic bamboo species in North-western Ethiopia. Adv Bamboo Sci 4:100030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bamboo.2023.100030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Felisberto MHF, Beraldo AL, Sentone DT et al (2021) Young culm of Dendrocalamus asper, Bambusa tuldoides and B. vulgaris as source of hemicellulosic dietary fibers for the food industry. Food Res Int 140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109866

  16. De Souza Santos DR, Sette CR, Da Silva MF et al (2016) Potencial de espécies de Bambu como fonte energética. Sci For 44:751–758. https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v44n111.21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Proksch P, Rodriguez E (1983) Chromenes and benzofurans of the asteraceae, their chemistry and biological significance. Phytochemistry 22:2335–2348. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)80118-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Dapkekar AB, Sreenivasulu C, Ravi Kishore D, Satyanarayana G (2022) Recent advances towards the synthesis of dihydrobenzofurans and dihydroisobenzofurans. Asian J Org Chem 11. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.202200012

  19. Chen Y, Ning Y, Chen Z et al (2023) Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran IRAK4 inhibitors for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Eur J Med Chem 256:115453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Miao YH, Hu YH, Yang J et al (2019) Natural source, bioactivity and synthesis of benzofuran derivatives. RSC Adv 9:27510–27540. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04917g

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Gouhar RS, Ewies EF, El-Shehry MF et al (2018) Synthesis and utility of α,β-unsaturated ketone bearing naphthalene and benzofuran rings in the synthesis of some N-heterocycles with their antiviral and antitumor activity evaluation. J Heterocyclic Chem 55:2368–2380. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.3301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Chowdhury SR, Gu J, Hu Y et al (2021) Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of benzofuran piperidine derivatives as Aβ antiaggregant. Eur J Med Chem 222:113541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113541

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Thies W, Bleiler L (2012) 2012 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 8:131–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2012.02.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Pandey A, Soccol CR, Nigam P, Soccol VT (2000) Biotechnological potential of agro-industrial residues. I: Sugarcane bagasse. Bioresour Technol 74:69–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00142-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Lu Y, Gu K, Shen Z et al (2023) Biochar implications for the engineering properties of soils: a review. Sci Total Environ 888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164185

  26. Guimarães T, De Oliveira AF, Lopes RP, De Carvalho Teixeira AP (2020) Biochars obtained from arabica coffee husks by a pyrolysis process: characterization and application in Fe(ii) removal in aqueous systems. New J Chem 44:3310–3322. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nj04144c

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Nachenius RW, Ronsse F, Venderbosch RH, Prins W (2013) Biomass pyrolysis. Adv Chem Eng 42:75–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386505-2.00002-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Pontes NS, Silva RVS, Ximenes VL et al (2021) Chemical speciation of petroleum and bio-oil coprocessing products: Investigating the introduction of renewable molecules in refining processes. Fuel 288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119654

  29. Plouffe C, Peterson CA, Rollag SA, Brown RC (2022) The role of biochar in the degradation of sugars during fast pyrolysis of biomass. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 161:105416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Kumar A, Biswas B, Saini K et al (2021) Py-GC/MS study of prot lignin with cobalt impregnated titania, ceria and zirconia catalysts. Renew Energy 172:121–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.03.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Li X, Liu Q, Si C et al (2018) Green and efficient production of furfural from corn cob over H-ZSM-5 using γ-valerolactone as solvent. Ind Crop Prod 120:343–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.04.065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Guo Q, Zhang Z, Zhao L et al (2023) Release and evolution mechanism of oxygen-containing compounds and aromatics during the co-pyrolysis of waste tire and bamboo sawdust/rice husk by Py-GC/MS. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 170:105923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2023.105923

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Bañón E, García AN, Marcilla A (2021) Thermogravimetric analysis and Py-GC/MS for discrimination of leather from different animal species and tanning processes. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105244

  34. Poulin J, Kearney M, Veall M-A (2022) Direct inlet Py-GC-MS analysis of cultural heritage materials. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 164:105506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2022.105506

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Ghysels S, Rathnayake D, Maziarka P et al (2022) Biochar stability scores from analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC-MS). J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105412

  36. Hidayat S, Abu Bakar MS, Yang Y et al (2018) Characterisation and Py-GC/MS analysis of Imperata cylindrica as potential biomass for bio-oil production in Brunei Darussalam. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 134:510–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.07.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Liang F, Wang R, Hongzhong X et al (2018) Investigating pyrolysis characteristics of moso bamboo through TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS. Bioresour Technol 256:53–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Segal L, Creely JJ, Martin AE, Conrad CM (1959) An empirical method for estimating the degree of crystallinity of native cellulose using the X-ray diffractometer. Text Res J 29:786–794. https://doi.org/10.1177/004051755902901003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Demuner IF, Gomes FJB, Coura MR et al (2021) Determination of chemical modification of eucalypt kraft lignin after thermal treatment by Py-GC–MS. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105158

  40. Oudia A, Mészáros E, Simões R et al (2007) Pyrolysis-GC/MS and TG/MS study of mediated laccase biodelignification of Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulp. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 78:233–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2006.07.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Xu S, Chen J, Peng H et al (2021) Effect of biomass type and pyrolysis temperature on nitrogen in biochar, and the comparison with hydrochar. Fuel 291:120128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Liu Z, Fei B, Jiang Z, Liu X (2014) Combustion characteristics of bamboo-biochars. Bioresour Technol 167:94–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Peng Y, Tang X, Xuan R et al (2021) Analysis of pyrolysis behaviors of biomass extractives via non-linear stepwise heating program based on Gaussian multi-peak fitting of differential thermogravimetric curve. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2021.178976

  44. Scurlock JMO, Dayton DC, Hames B (2000) Bamboo: an overlooked biomass resource? Biomass Bioenergy 19:229–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(00)00038-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Mi B, Liu Z, Hu W et al (2016) Investigating pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of torrefied bamboo, torrefied wood and their blends. Bioresour Technol 209:50–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.087

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Yang TC, Yang YH, Yeh CH (2021) Thermal decomposition behavior of thin Makino bamboo (Phyllostachys makinoi) slivers under nitrogen atmosphere. Mater Today Commun 26:102054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Biswas S, Rahaman T, Gupta P et al (2022) Cellulose and lignin profiling in seven, economically important bamboo species of India by anatomical, biochemical, FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Biomass Bioenergy 158:106362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Jianfei Y, Zixing F, Liangmeng N et al (2020) Combustion characteristics of bamboo lignin from kraft pulping: influence of washing process. Renew Energy 162:525–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.08.076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Liu L, Pang Y, Lv D et al (2021) Thermal and kinetic analyzing of pyrolysis and combustion of self-heating biomass particles. Process Saf Environ Prot 151:39–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2021.05.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Kumar D, Mandal A (2023) Response surface method-based optimisation of advanced mechanochemical approach for bead minimisation in bamboo fiber extraction, and improving hydrophobicity via diisopropanolamine treatment. Biomass Convers Biorefin. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04420-5

  51. Service USDAF (1970) Thermal degradation of wood components : a review of the literature FPL 130

  52. Cheng K, Winter WT, Stipanovic AJ (2012) A modulated-TGA approach to the kinetics of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis/combustion. Polym Degrad Stab 97:1606–1615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.06.027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Shyam S, Arun J, Gopinath KP et al (2022) Biomass as source for hydrochar and biochar production to recover phosphates from wastewater: a review on challenges, commercialization, and future perspectives. Chemosphere 286:131490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131490

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Lou R, Bin WS, Lv GJ (2010) Effect of conditions on fast pyrolysis of bamboo lignin. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 89:191–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2010.08.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Romão D, Santana C Jr, Brito M et al (2022) Assessment of the economic and energetic potential of residues from the green coconut industry. J Braz Chem Soc 00:1–10. https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220042

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Ji Y, Zhang C, Zhang XJ et al (2022) A high adsorption capacity bamboo biochar for CO2 capture for low temperature heat utilization. Sep Purif Technol 293:121131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Mazar A, Ajao O, Benali M et al (2020) Integrated multiproduct biorefinery for furfural production with acetic acid and lignin recovery: design, scale-up evaluation, and technoeconomic analysis. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 8:17345–17358. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c04871

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors are thankful for the financial support provided by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais – Brazil (FAPEMIG), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – Brazil (CNPq/FAPEMIG agreement recorded in SICONV: 793988/2013 and INCT Midas) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES – Finance Code 001). SAF is supported by research fellowships from CNPq. To the Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Environmental Chemistry (LANAQUA-UFV) and Laboratory Pulp and Paper (LCP-UFV).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pulp and Paper Laboratory, Forest Engineer Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, CEP: 36570-900, Brazil

    Marcelo Moreira da Costa, Tiago Guimarães, Rodrigo Fraga de Almeida, Grazieli Viana Tuler, Ricardo Carvalho Bittencourt, Verônica Oliveira de Paula Barbosa & Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho

  2. Chemistry Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, CEP: 36570-900, Brazil

    Kamila Demarques França, Larissa Soares Silva, Thainá Costa Henrique & Sergio Antonio Fernandes

Authors
  1. Marcelo Moreira da Costa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tiago Guimarães
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kamila Demarques França
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Larissa Soares Silva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Rodrigo Fraga de Almeida
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Thainá Costa Henrique
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Sergio Antonio Fernandes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Grazieli Viana Tuler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Ricardo Carvalho Bittencourt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Verônica Oliveira de Paula Barbosa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Marcelo Moreira da Costa: conceptualization, methodology, resources, funding acquisition, investigation, formal analysis, writing — review and editing, supervision; Tiago Guimarães: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, writing — original draft, writing — review and editing; Kamila Demarques França: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, writing — original draft, writing — review and editing; Larissa Soares Silva: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, writing — original draft, writing — review and editing; Rodrigo Fraga de Almeida: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis; Thainá Costa Henrique: methodology, investigation, formal analysis; Sergio Antonio Fernandes: conceptualization, writing — review and editing, supervision; Grazieli Viana Tuler: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, writing — original draft, writing — review and editing; Ricardo Carvalho Bittencourt: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, writing — original draft, writing — review and editing; Verônica Oliveira de Paula Barbosa: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, writing — original draft, writing — review and editing; Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho: conceptualization, methodology, resources, funding acquisition, investigation, formal analysis, writing — review and editing, supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tiago Guimarães.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

ESM 1

(DOCX 496 kb)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

da Costa, M.M., Guimarães, T., França, K.D. et al. 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran production eco-friendly by fast pyrolysis from Dendrocalamus asper biomass. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-05075-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-05075-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation