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Risk factors of late-onset gestational diabetes diagnosed during 24–28 weeks of gestation after normal early screening: a case–control study

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Abstract

Objective

To determine the risk factors associated with late-onset GDM (diagnosed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation) after normal early screening.

Methods

A case–control study was conducted in 600 singleton pregnant women who started antenatal care before 20 weeks with normal early GDM screening. Repeat screening was performed at 24–28 weeks. Cases were 120 women with late-onset GDM and 480 controls were those without GDM. Risk factors for late-onset GDM were evaluated and pregnancy outcomes were compared.

Results

Cases were significantly older, and more likely to be overweight or obese. 50-g GCT of ≥ 160 mg/dL and abnormal 1 value of 100-g OGTT significantly increased the risk of late-onset GDM (p = 0.004 and < 0.001 respectively). Independent risk factors were abnormal 1 value of 100-g OGTT from first screening (adjusted OR 5.49, 95% CI 2.70–11.17, p < 0.001), age ≥ 30 years (adjusted OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.66–4.43, p < 0.001), DM in family (adjusted OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.07–2.88, p = 0.025), and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (adjusted OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.17–2.97, p = 0.009). Late-onset GDM significantly increased the risk of preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, LGA, and macrosomia.

Conclusion

Independent factors associated with late-onset GDM included abnormal 1 value of 100-g OGTT from first screening, age ≥ 30 years, DM in family, and being overweight or obese.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand

    Dittakarn Boriboonhirunsarn & Kwanjutha Jetsadakraisorn

Authors
  1. Dittakarn Boriboonhirunsarn
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  2. Kwanjutha Jetsadakraisorn
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. All authors contributed to the study conception and design. KJ was responsible for data collection under supervision of DB. DB analyzed the data and both DB and KJ interpreted the results together. KJ drafted the manuscript and DB critically revised the manuscript. All the authors approved and agreed with this final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dittakarn Boriboonhirunsarn.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

None.

Ethical approval

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and/or with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions. Informed consent or substitute for it was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

Research involving human participants and/or animals

The study was approved by Siriraj Institutional Review Board (COA no. Si 131/2022; approval date February, 25 2022).

Informed consent

Informed consent was not obtained from the participants due to retrospective nature of data collection.

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Boriboonhirunsarn, D., Jetsadakraisorn, K. Risk factors of late-onset gestational diabetes diagnosed during 24–28 weeks of gestation after normal early screening: a case–control study. Diabetol Int 15, 187–193 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13340-023-00666-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13340-023-00666-6

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