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Co-circulation and genetic characteristics of porcine circoviruses in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome cases in commercial swine farms

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the co-infection and genetic characteristics of Porcine circoviruses in PMWS-affected pigs in five commercial farrow-to-finish swine farms in Vietnam. By the end of 2022, the percentage of PMWS-affected pigs in these farms has increased significantly compared to previous years. The lymph node samples from ten PMWS typical cases were randomly collected to test for the presence of PRRSV, PCV2, PCV3 and PCV4. While PRRSV and PCV4 were not found in these cases, 10 and 3 out of 10 samples were positive for PCV2 and PCV3, respectively. Three farms in the study showed the co-infection of PCV2 and PCV3 in affected pigs. Besides, all PCV-positive samples were sequenced to evaluate genetic characterization of PCVs in PMWS-affected cases. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all PCV3 strains in the study were clustered into PCV3b genotype. 8 out of 10 PCV2 strains belonged to PCV2d genotype while the remaining two strains belonged to PCV2b genotypes. Two farms had co-circulation of PCV2b and PCV2d genotypes in two different age groups of pigs, which is reported for the first time in Vietnam. Several amino acid substitutions were identified in important antigenic regions in the capsid protein of the PCV2 field strains compared to vaccine strains. Taken together, the results showed the high co-prevalence of PCV3 and PCV2, and the wide genetic diversity of PCV2 field and vaccine strains may be the cause of the increased PMWS situation in these pig farms.

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Data availability

The complete genome sequences of ten PCV2 strains and the ORF2 genes of three PCV3 strains in this study have been deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers OQ784905-14 and OR058801-03, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

This work was the study of a project funded by the Ministry of Education and Training, Vietnam (B2023-NLS-04).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University - HCMC (NLU), Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Danh Cong Lai, Duyen My Thi Nguyen, Toan Tat Nguyen, Tram Ngoc Thi Ngo & Duy Tien Do

  2. Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA

    Danh Cong Lai

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  1. Danh Cong Lai
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Correspondence to Duy Tien Do.

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The study was conducted in compliance with the institutional rules for the care and use of laboratory animals and using a protocol approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) Vietnam (TCVN 8402:2010).

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Lai, D.C., Nguyen, D.M.T., Nguyen, T.T. et al. Co-circulation and genetic characteristics of porcine circoviruses in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome cases in commercial swine farms. VirusDis. 34, 531–538 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-023-00849-4

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