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Facile One-Step Synthesis of Nickel Sulphide Nanoparticles Decorated Poly (Acrylic Acid) Coated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube for Detection of Tenofovir in Human Urine

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Abstract

Tenofovir (TNF), a nucleotide analogue of adenosine 5′-monophosphate, is the first-line treatment for chronic HIV/hepatitis B coinfection. There is a need to explore highly sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective quality control techniques to detect the drug. Nickel sulphide @ poly(acrylic acid) coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NiS@PAA-MWCNT) composite was synthesized using the one-step solvothermal method. The composite was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Morphological analysis showed polydispersed NiS on the surface of the poly(acrylic acid) coated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). Tenofovir was electrochemically detected in human urine by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) using the NiS@PAA-MWCNT modified glassy carbon electrode. The linear range was found to be from 20 to 80 µM with a limit of detection of 5.83 × 10−12 M and 5.12 × 10−12 M in phosphate buffer and human urine, respectively. The practical applicability of the modified electrode was evaluated in human urine and in the presence of different interfering agents. The electrode demonstrated good reproducibility, selectivity, and sensitivity. Thus, NiS@PAA-MWCNT nanocomposite can be used in electrochemical sensors for quality control purposes.

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Acknowledgements

College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu- Natal (CHS-UKZN). Furthermore, the authors wish to acknowledge Nanotechnology for sustainable development platform of UKZN and UKZN microscopy and microanalysis unit.

Funding

Rajshekhar Karpoormath is funded by the College of Health of Science, UKZN (RM27) and National research Foundation, South Africa (Grant number:129247). Fee Remission was provided by College of Health Science to John Alake.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa

    John Alake, Darko Kwabena Adu, Blessing Wisdom Ike, Ruchika Chauhan & Rajshekhar Karpoormath

  2. Department of Biotechnology & Chemistry, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South Africa

    Zondi Nate

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  1. John Alake
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Contributions

John Alake: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, and drafting of manuscript. Zondi Nate: conceptualization, validation, supervision, and review of manuscript. Darko Kwabena Adu: validation. Blessing Wisdom Ike: validation. Ruchika Chauhan: supervision and review of manuscript. Rajshekhar Karpoormath: supervision and funding and resources acquisition.

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Correspondence to Rajshekhar Karpoormath.

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Highlights

• Nickel sulphide nanoparticles decorated on poly(acrylic acid) coated multiwalled carbon nanotube was synthesised by a simple one-step solvothermal method.

• The composite modified glassy carbon shows an electro-catalytic behaviour towards tenofovir with a limit of detection of 5.12 × 10−12 M in human urine.

• The electrode demonstrated good reproducibility, selectivity, and sensitivity.

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Alake, J., Nate, Z., Adu, D.K. et al. Facile One-Step Synthesis of Nickel Sulphide Nanoparticles Decorated Poly (Acrylic Acid) Coated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube for Detection of Tenofovir in Human Urine. Electrocatalysis 14, 232–246 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12678-022-00784-w

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