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Hollow sphere nickel sulfide nanostructures–based enzyme mimic electrochemical sensor platform for lactic acid in human urine

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Abstract

An enzyme-free electrochemical sensor platform is reported based on hollow sphere structured nickel sulfide (HS-NiS) nanomaterials for the sensitive lactic acid (LA) detection in human urine. Hollow sphere nickel sulfide nanostructures directly grow on the nickel foam (NiF) substrate by using facile and one-step electrochemical deposition strategy towards the electrocatalytic lactic acid oxidation and sensing for the first time. The as-developed nickel sulfide nanostructured electrode (NiF/HS-NiS) has been successfully employed as the enzyme mimic electrode towards the enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation and detection of lactic acid. The NiF/HS-NiS electrode exhibits an excellent electrocatalytic activity and sensing ability with low positive potential (~ 0.52 V vs Ag/AgCl), catalytic current density (~ 1.34 mA), limit of detection (LOD) (0.023 μM), linear range from 0.5 to 88.5 μM with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.98, sensitivity (0.655 μA μM−1 cm−2), and selectivity towards the lactic acid owing to the ascription of high inherent electrical conductivity, large electrochemical active surface area (ECASA), high electrochemical active sites, and strong adsorption ability. The sensors developed in this work demonstrate the selectivity against potential interferences, including uric acid (UA), ascorbic acid (AA), paracetamol (PA), Mg2+, Na+, and Ca2+. Furthermore, the developed sensors show practicability by sensing lactic acid in human urine samples, suggesting that the HS-NiS nanostructures device has promising clinical diagnostic potential.

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Acknowledgements

Authors specially acknowledge to SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST) for providing all the research facilities, including SRM-SCIF for TEM measurements.

Funding

This work was supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)-Start-up Research Grant (Ref. No.: SERB-SRG/2019/000123) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST)-Technology Mission Division (TMD) (Grant No.: DST/TMD/MES/2 K17/29), New Delhi.

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  1. Materials Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India

    Mani Arivazhagan, Ayyavu Shankar & Govindhan Maduraiveeran

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  1. Mani Arivazhagan
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Correspondence to Govindhan Maduraiveeran.

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Arivazhagan, M., Shankar, A. & Maduraiveeran, G. Hollow sphere nickel sulfide nanostructures–based enzyme mimic electrochemical sensor platform for lactic acid in human urine. Microchim Acta 187, 468 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04431-3

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