Abstract
Objectives
The current study examined the reliability and validity of the Mindful Student Questionnaire (MSQ) among a sample of Chinese vocational school students.
Method
Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models were fitted using MSQ and Student Subjective Wellbeing Questionnaire (SSWQ) data collected from 2910 adolescent students. Factor structure analysis, reliability, convergent validity, and predictive validity were examined to investigate the psychometric properties of MSQ.
Results
The EFA indicated that a 3-factor solution (i.e., mindful attention, mindful acceptance, and approach and persistence) was most suitable for the MSQ in the study sample. This 3-factor CFA model indicated that inter-factor correlations were different from those originally reported by the scale developer in a US adolescent student sample. The reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability) were acceptable. Discriminative, convergent, and predictive validity were demonstrated through the MSQ’s relation with the SSWQ.
Conclusions
The 15-item, 3-factor MSQ demonstrates strong reliability and validity, offering a new multidimensional model of MSQ to assess mindfulness among Chinese adolescents in a school setting.
Preregistration
This study is not preregistered.
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Data Availability
The authors were not allowed to share or upload the dataset following the ethics protocol and informed consent procedure of this study that ensured the participants that all data we collected were confidential and would not be shared. We will be glad to answer any questions about the data collected in this study and to share unpublished information on this dataset and code for data analysis.
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Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge Sichun Yang and Ming Zhu, teachers at a vocational school in Yunnan, China, for their assistance in recruiting participants. It is impossible to complete this project without their contribution.
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QW: designed and executed the study collected and analyzed the data, wrote the manuscript, contributed to the final version of the manuscript, and supervised the project. YW: designed and executed the study collected and analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. RF: designed and executed the study , collected and analyzed the data, searched and reviewed the literature, and wrote the manuscript. XH: designed and executed the study, searched and reviewed the literature, and wrote the manuscript. JF: contributed to the final version of the manuscript. YZ: contributed to the final version of the manuscript. RR: contributed to the final version of the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript for submission.
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Wang, Q., Wu, Y., Feng, R. et al. Adaptation and Validation of the Mindful Student Questionnaire in Chinese. Mindfulness 15, 359–371 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02299-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02299-x