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Surface Modification of Biodegradable Zinc Alloy for Biomedical Applications

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Abstract

In recent years, zinc, and its alloys, along with biodegradable metals made of Mg and Fe, have been projected as potential replacements for biodegradable metals due to their better corrosion rate and high biocompatibility in gastrointestinal, bone, and cardiovascular contexts. Clinical application of Zn-related biodegradable metals with a reasonable rate of membrane degradation and outstanding mechanical properties for guided bone regeneration membranes is very promising. Nevertheless, in order to properly control their biodegradation behavior, Zn-based biodegradable metals do require surface treatment. First off, certain Zn-based biodegradable metals that were implanted in a cardiovascular background showed signs of intimal activation and moderate inflammation. Second, Zn-based biodegradable metals for orthopaedic applications biodegrade at relatively moderate rates, resulting in long-term retention after completing their task. The development of next-generation orthopaedic implants made on Zn related biodegradable alloys or composites has the capacity to eliminate revision surgeries and biocompatibility problems. In the meantime, increased Zn2+ release during breakdown will result in delayed osseointegration and in vitro cytotoxicity. Surface modification Zn-based biomaterials can solve above problems. In this review, we first provide a summary of the available Zn-based alloy’s surface modification techniques for biomedical applications such as chemical conversion coatings, different types of chemical conversion coating, and organic coatings. Advantages and challenges of Zn-based biomaterials are also discussed at the last.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

BM:

biodegradable metals

ALP:

alkaline phosphatase

BMP:

bone morphogenetic protein

SLM:

selective laser melting

SPS:

spark plasma sintering

ECAP:

equal channel angular pressing

HDG:

hot-dip galvanizing

OCC:

organic conversion coatings

RE:

rare Earth

PEO:

plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

RT:

room temperature

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to School of Mechanical Engineering, MIT WPU Pune, for its support. We also extend our heartfelt thanks to Dean Faculty of Engineering and Technology, MIT WPU Pune, who provided valuable guidance and support throughout this project. We would also like to acknowledge the help and support received from MIT WPU Pune for providing the necessary resources, infrastructure, and technical support required for this research.

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  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT-World Peace University, Pune, MS, 411038, India

    Pralhad Pesode & Shivprakash Barve

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  1. Pralhad Pesode
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  2. Shivprakash Barve
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Conceptualization, data curation, investigation, methodology, writing original draft, writing review, and editing were done by PP. SB supervised and administrated the article writing work. Also, SB provided the necessary resources required to complete the article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Pralhad Pesode.

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Pesode, P., Barve, S. Surface Modification of Biodegradable Zinc Alloy for Biomedical Applications. BioNanoSci. 13, 1381–1398 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-023-01139-5

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