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Probiotics, Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs), and Gut-Brain Axis Related Psychological Conditions: Implications for Research and Dietetics

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Abstract

It is well-known that probiotics have key roles in the crosstalk between the gut and brain in terms of nutrition and health. However, when investigating their role in nutrition and health, it can be important to discriminate probiotics used as foods, food supplements, or drugs. For clarification of this terminology, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established a new “live biotherapeutic products” (LBP) category, expressing pharmaceutical expectations and to reduce confusion in the literature. Growing evidence advises that the community of microorganisms found in the gut microbiota is associated with psychological conditions. Hence, it is thought that LBPs may positively affect depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia by reducing inflammation, improving gut microbiota, and balancing gut neurometabolites. This review focuses on the specific position of probiotics as LBPs in psychological conditions. Condition-specific potential pathways and mechanisms of LBPs and the prominent strains are discussed in the light of novel studies for future research, dietetic and pharmaceutical applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey

    Duygu Ağagündüz, Elif Çelik & Özge Cemali

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Yerleşkesi, Burdur, 15030, Turkey

    Feray Gençer Bingöl

  3. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kırıkkale University, Merkez, Kırıkkale, 71100, Turkey

    Çiler Özenir

  4. Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana, 01330, Turkey

    Fatih Özoğul

  5. Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkey

    Fatih Özoğul

  6. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy

    Raffaele Capasso

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  1. Duygu Ağagündüz
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  2. Elif Çelik
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  3. Özge Cemali
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  4. Feray Gençer Bingöl
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  5. Çiler Özenir
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  6. Fatih Özoğul
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  7. Raffaele Capasso
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Contributions

DA designed the study. DA, EÇ, ÖC, FGB, and ÇÖ wrote the main manuscript text. EÇ, ÖC, and FGB prepared all figures and tables. DA, FÖ, and RC critically revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Duygu Ağagündüz.

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Ağagündüz, D., Çelik, E., Cemali, Ö. et al. Probiotics, Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs), and Gut-Brain Axis Related Psychological Conditions: Implications for Research and Dietetics. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 15, 1014–1031 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-023-10092-4

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