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Adsorption Characterization of Lactobacillus sp. for Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

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Abstract

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the widely detected plasticizer in foods whose exposure is associated with a myriad of human disorders. The present study focused on identifying Lactobacillus strains with high adsorption potential towards DEHP and further elucidating the mechanism of binding using HPLC, FTIR and SEM. Two strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 25,433, were found to rapidly adsorb more than 85% of DEHP in 2 h. Binding potential remained unaffected by heat treatment. Moreover, acid pre-treatment enhanced the DEHP adsorption. Chemical pre-treatments, such as NaIO4, pronase E or lipase, caused reduction in DEHP adsorption to 46% (LGG), 49% (MTCC 25,433) and 62% (MTCC 25,433), respectively, attributing it to cell wall polysaccharides, proteins and lipids. This was also corroborated by stretching vibrations of C = O, N–H, C–N and C–O functional groups. Furthermore, SDS and urea pre-treatment, demonstrated the crucial role of hydrophobic interactions in DEHP adsorption. The extracted peptidoglycan from LGG and MTCC 25,433 adsorbed 45% and 68% of DEHP, respectively, revealing the imperative role of peptidoglycan and its integrity in DEHP adsorption. These findings indicated that DEHP removal was based on physico-chemical adsorption and cell wall proteins, polysaccharides or peptidoglycan played a primary role in its adsorption. Owing to the high binding efficiency, L. rhamnosus GG and L. plantarum MTCC 25,433 were considered to be a potential detoxification strategy to mitigate the risk associated with the consumption of DEHP-contaminated foods.

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Acknowledgements

All authors would like to thank the National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Kundli, Sonipat, India, for providing the necessary support and research facility.

Funding

Shivani Popli Goyal would like to thank the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, for providing her Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) (Grant number: 3/1/2/273/2021-Nut).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India

    Shivani Popli Goyal, Vijendra Mishra, Ankur Kumar & Chakkaravarthi Saravanan

  2. Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India

    Tripti Agarwal

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Contributions

S. P. G.: experiment, data analysis and writing of original draft; T. A.: supervision and review and editing; V. M. (Late): conceptualization and supervision; A. K.: review and editing; C. S.: conceptualization, supervision and review and editing.

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Goyal, S.P., Agarwal, T., Mishra, V. et al. Adsorption Characterization of Lactobacillus sp. for Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 16, 519–530 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-023-10055-9

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