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Ultra-high-rate Bi anode encapsulated in 3D lignin-derived carbon framework for sodium-ion hybrid capacitors

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Abstract

Bismuth (Bi), as an alloy-based anode material, has attracted much attention in the development of sodium-ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) due to its high theoretical capacity. However, the volume expansion of the Bi-based anode during the sodiation/desodiation process results in limited rate capability. In the present work, a porous Bi-based composite was constructed by a one-step hydrothermal method, and Bi was encapsulated in lignin-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon (Bi@LNPC) after carbonization. The obtained Bi nanoparticles could effectively adapt to the strain and shorten the diffusion distance of Na+. In addition, porous carbon skeleton provides a rigid conductive network for electronic transportation. Therefore, the assembled sodium-ion half-cell with Bi@LNPC anode shows ultra-high-rate capability. When the current density was enhanced from 0.1 to 50 A·g−1, the specific capacity decreased slightly from 351.5 to 342.8 mAh·g−1. Even at an extremely high current density of 200 A·g−1, it retains 81.3% capacity retention when compared to a current density of 1 A·g−1. The SIHCs assembled by Bi@LNPC show a high energy density of 63 Wh·kg−1. This work provides an effective method for developing high-rate Bi anode materials for sodium-ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).

Graphical abstract

摘要

铋作为一种合金型负极材料具有较高的理论容量, 在钠离子电池开发中倍受关注。然而, 铋在脱/嵌钠过程中体积严重膨胀, 导致倍率性能受限。本研究通过一步水热法构建了一种多孔Bi/C基复合材料, 经过碳化将铋封装在木质素衍生氮掺杂多孔炭中 (Bi@LNPC), 得到的纳米铋球能够有效地适应应变, 缩短钠离子迁移距离。此外, 多孔碳为电子传输提供刚性导电网络。由此, 由Bi@LNPC负极组装钠离子半电池表现了高倍率性能。电流密度从0.1增加到50 A·g−1, 比容量从351.5略微下降到342.8 mAh·g−1。即使在200 A·g−1的极高电流密度下, 与1 A·g−1的电流密度相比, 具有81.3%的容量保有率。由Bi@LNPC负极组装钠离子混合电容器表现了较高的能量密度63 Wh·kg−1。本工作为开发钠离子电容器和钠离子电池的高倍率铋负极材料提供一种有效的方法。

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22108044), the Research and Development Program in Key Fields of Guangdong Province (No. 2020B1111380002), the Basic Research and Applicable Basic Research in Guangzhou City (No. 202201010290) and the financial support from the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery (No. 2021GDKLPRB07).

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  1. School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Ze-Hua Lin, Xue-Qing Qiu, Xi-Hong Zu, Xiao-Shan Zhang, Lei Zhong, Shi-Rong Sun, Shu-Hua Hao & Wen-Li Zhang

  2. Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang, 515200, China

    Xi-Hong Zu, Ying-Juan Sun & Wen-Li Zhang

  3. School of Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Green Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Guangdong University of Technology, Jieyang, 515200, China

    Ying-Juan Sun & Wen-Li Zhang

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Lin, ZH., Qiu, XQ., Zu, XH. et al. Ultra-high-rate Bi anode encapsulated in 3D lignin-derived carbon framework for sodium-ion hybrid capacitors. Rare Met. 43, 1037–1047 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-023-02508-5

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