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Review on modification routes for SnOx-based anodes for Li storage: morphological structure tuning and phase structure design

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Abstract

Fascinating with high specific capacity and moderate lithiation potential, SnOx-based materials have been intensively investigated as one of the most promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries. However, due to poor cycling stability, sluggish reaction kinetics, and limited electrochemical reaction reversibility, the development of SnOx-based anodes has been hindered. And the current preparation and modification routes for SnOx-based anodes lack direct and specific illustration. Herein, modification routes for SnOx-based anodes have been emphasized. Firstly, to provide more direct instructions, the tuning routes of morphological structure for SnOx-based electrodes (including slurry-based and self-supported) have been thoroughly discussed from the preparation perspective. Secondly, according to the properties of SnOx-based anodes, the phase structure design ideas have also been properly classified and organized for addressing chemical reaction kinetics or thermodynamic issues. Finally, for future-oriented studies, new insights into the development and commercialization prospects of SnOx-based anodes are also provided. This review, with comprehensive information on SnOx-based anodes, aims to bring more specific guidance and valuable inspiration for peer researchers who are promoting the application of SnOx-based materials for energy conversion and storage devices

Graphical Abstract

摘

由于具有高比容量和适度的锂化电位, SnOx基材料是锂离子电池最有希望的负极之一, 并且被深入研究。然而, 由于循环稳定性差、反应动力学迟缓和电化学反应可逆性有限, SnOx基负极的发展一直受到阻碍。而且目前关于SnOx基负极的制备和改性策略缺乏直接和具体的说明。在此, 我们强调了SnOx基负极的改性策略。首先, 从制备的角度深入讨论了SnOx基负极的形态结构的改性方法 (包括浆料型和自支撑型) 。其次, 根据SnOx基负极的特性, 针对化学反应动力学和热力学问题, 也对相结构设计思路进行了适当的分类和整理。最后, 面向未来的研究, 还提供了对SnOx基负极的发展和商业化前景的新见解。这篇综述全面介绍了SnOx基负极的相关信息, 旨在推动SnOx基材料在能源转换和储存装置中的应用, 也将为同行研究者带来更多具体的建议和启发。

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [61]. Copyright 2019, the American Chemistry Society. b Formation process of rattle-type porous Sn/C composite fibers. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [68]. Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 3

Copyright 2019, Elsevier. b Schematic illustration of preparation process of Sn-Fe/C-G 3D network by pyrolysising double-network hydrogel. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [88]. Copyright 2018, the American Chemistry Society

Fig. 4

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [95]. Copyright 2021, the American Chemistry Society. b SEM images of Sn-C hybrid with different P-milling (i: 2.5 h, ii: 7.5 h, iii: 10 h, and iv: conventional milling for 10 h). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [96]. Copyright 2012, Royal Society of Chemistry. c Preparing process of Sn-Fe3O4@C composites via P-milling. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [97]. Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 5

Copyright 2017, Wiley–VCH. b Cycle stability of SnO2-Co-C hybrid with scalable roller ball-milling process; c cycling performance of SnO2-Co-C||LiFePO4 full cells cycled at a current rate of 0.2C within 2.3–3.4 V, respectively. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [93]. Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 6

Copyright 2014, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 7

Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 8

Copyright 2022, Wiley–VCH

Fig. 9

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [175]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. c Formation process of build-in electric field and its role in SnSe/SnO2 system. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [176]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier

Fig. 10

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52071144, 51831009 and 51621001) and Guangzhou key research and development program (No. 202103040001).

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  1. Y. Zheng and X.-X. Lan have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Yu Zheng, Xue-Xia Lan, Xing-Yu Xiong, Bin Yuan & Ren-Zong Hu

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Zheng, Y., Lan, XX., Xiong, XY. et al. Review on modification routes for SnOx-based anodes for Li storage: morphological structure tuning and phase structure design. Rare Met. 42, 2840–2867 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-023-02279-z

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