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Role of Hematite-Rich Host Rocks in the Gold Mineralization of the Woxi Au (-Sb-W) Ore Deposit in Western Jiangnan Orogen of South China

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Abstract

The formation of many hydrothermal gold deposits is closely related to iron-rich rocks. The host rocks of the Madiyi Formation of the Mid- to Late Neoproterozoic Banxi Group for the Woxi Au (-Sb-W) deposit, which is located in western Hunan Province of the western Jiangnan Orogen, South China, is rich in hematite, which provides a good example for studying the relationship between the formation of gold deposit and iron-rich rocks. Field investigation and petrographic observation on the unaltered, weakly altered and strongly altered rocks demonstrate that the bleaching is caused by a combination of carbonatization, sulfidation and sericitization. Mass balance calculation suggests that, during decolourization there is no change in TFe2O3, while FeO is gained and Fe2O3 is lost. Geochemical modeling found that Au was mainly present as AuHS(aq) and Au(HS)2−, and that the water-rock interactions decreased the sulfur fugacity which destroyed the stability of such aqueous complexes. Combined with the locally occurred native gold in quartz veins, it is concluded that the major gold precipitation mechanisms are sulfidation and fluid boiling. Based on previous geochronological and geochemical research further gold mineralization is proposed to be generated by deep sourced magmatic or metamorphic fluid migrated upward along the Woxi fault, and the iron-rich Madiyi Formation is the idea chemical trap for gold deposition. The decrease of sulfur contents caused by fluid-rock interactions and fluid boiling are the major mechanisms for gold mineralization.

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Acknowledgments

The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41930428), scientific research start-up fund for doctors of East China University of Technology (No. DHBK2019066) and science and technology research project of Jiangxi Education Department (No. GJJ2200754). We would like to thank Dr. Wei Wang, staffs and management of the Chenzhou Mining Company for their assistances during fieldwork and sample collection. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-022-1718-x.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China

    Jian Zhang, Teng Deng, Deru Xu, Junfeng Dai, Zenghua Li & Bin Li

  2. Team 402, Hunan Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration and Development Bureau, Changsha, 410014, China

    Yueqiang Zhou

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  1. Jian Zhang
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Correspondence to Teng Deng or Deru Xu.

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Zhang, J., Deng, T., Xu, D. et al. Role of Hematite-Rich Host Rocks in the Gold Mineralization of the Woxi Au (-Sb-W) Ore Deposit in Western Jiangnan Orogen of South China. J. Earth Sci. 34, 1527–1542 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-022-1718-x

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