Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Formation Mechanisms for (Cr,Co)7C3/(Cr,Co)23C6 Heterogeneous Precipitates and Stacking Faults Around Carbides in Surfacing Welding of Stellite Alloy on Stainless Steel

  • Published:
Metals and Materials International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The formation mechanisms for two carbides with co-existence and increasing stacking faults nearby the carbides during surfacing welding were investigated in this study. The results indicated that the surfacing layer had a two-phase structure of a matrix phase and a second phase, the density of the second phase was relatively small and the second phase was discontinuous, by contrast with the as-received welding wire. Relatively uniform microstructure of surfacing layer and the welding interface without melting of base metal were obtained, resulting in an inapparent change in the microhardness. A few carbides with blocky shape were identified in the surfacing layer. The mechanisms for (Cr,Co)23C6 of face-centered cubic crystal structure co-existing with (Cr,Co)7C3 of hexagonal close-packed crystal structure and (Cr,Co)23C6 subsequently forming close to the pre-formed (Cr,Co)7C3 during the cooling process were discussed in alloying element, calculated equilibrium phase diagram, Gibbs energy, etc. The relatively higher density of the stacking fault present around the carbides was understood from forming energy of stacking faults.

Graphic Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R. Smith, M. Doran, D. Gandy, S. Babu, L. Wu, A.J. Ramirez, P.M. Anderson, Mater. Design 143, 38 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. G.P. Rajeev, M. Kamaraj, R.B. Srinivasa, Surf. Coat. Tech. 326, 63 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Y. Wu, E. Bousser, T. Schmitt, N. Tarfa, F. Khelfaoui, R. René, J.E. Klemberg-Sapieha, M. Brochu, Mater. Charact. 154, 181 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. K.D. Traxel, A. Bandyopadhyay, Addit. Manuf. 25, 460 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. P.K. Singh, S.B. Mishra, Surf. Coat. Tech. 385, 125353 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. G.N. Karimi, M.J. Carrington, J. Thomas, P.H. Shipway, D.A. Stewart, T. Hussain, Corros. Sci. 159, 1 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. P. Sassatelli, G. Bolelli, M.L. Gualtieri, E. Heinonen, M. Honkanen, L. Lusvarghi, T. Manfredini, R. Rigon, M. Vippola, Surf. Coat. Tech. 338, 45 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. A.A. Pauzi, M.J. Ghazali, W.F.H. Zamri, A. Rajabi, Metals 10, 1171 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Birol, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 527, 6091 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. F. Molleda, J. Mora, F.J. Molleda, E. Mora, E. Carrillo, B.G. Mellor, Mater. Charact. 57, 227 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. G.R. Mirshekari, S. Daee, S.F. Bonabi, M.R. Ravakoli, A. Shafyei, M. Safaei, Surf. Interfaces 9, 79 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. L. Baiamonte, M. Tului, C. Bartuli, D. Marini, A. Marino, F. Menchetti, R. Pileggi, G. Pulci, F. Marra, Surf. Coat. Tech. 371, 322 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. M.M. Ferozhkhan, M. Duraiselvam, K.G. Kumar, R. Ravibharath, Procedia Thechnol. 25, 1305 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. N. Jeyaprakash, C.-H. Yang, S.-P. Tseng, Met. Mater. Int. 27, 1540 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. H. Yan, Z. Chen, J. Zhao, P. Zhang, Z. Yu, Q. Lu, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 9, 9907 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. D.S. Sidhu, D. Puri, S. Prakash, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 159, 347 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. F. Luo, A. Cockburn, R. Lupoi, M. Sparkes, W. O’Neill, Surf. Coat. Tech. 212, 119 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. D. Hertz, Wear 261, 1024 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. D. Wang, H. Zhao, H. Wang, Y. Li, X. Liu, G. He, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 48, 4356 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. P.F. Mendez, N. Barnes, K. Bell, S.D. Borle, S.S. Gajapathi, S.D. Guest, H. Izadi, A.K. Gol, G. Wood, J. Manuf. Process. 16, 4 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. A. Abbasi, A. Dick, T. Hickel, J. Neugebauer, Acta Mater. 59, 3041 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. R.E. Schramm, R.P. Reed, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 6, 1345 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was also supported by the fund of Sate Key Laboratory of Long-life High Temperature Materials (Project No.: DTCC28EE190934). This work was financially supported by the Sichuan Deyang Industry-University-Research Cooperation Technology Research and Development Project (Project No.: 2019CK094) and the Sichuan Deyang Open University-City Cooperative Technology Research and Development Project (Project No.: 2018CKJ004).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Jiankun Xiong & Haiyan Zhao

  2. State Key Laboratory of Long-Life High Temperature Materials, Dongfang Turbine Co., Ltd., Deyang, 618000, China

    Jiankun Xiong, Haibo Zhang & Xinjian Yuan

  3. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China

    Zhan Hu & Xinjian Yuan

  4. Manufacturing Technology Department, Dongfang Turbine Co., Ltd., Deyang, 618000, China

    Jiankun Xiong, Haibo Zhang, Fuheng Nie, Fen He, Jianping Yang & Zhongbo Wen

Authors
  1. Jiankun Xiong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Haibo Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fuheng Nie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Fen He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jianping Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Zhan Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Zhongbo Wen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Haiyan Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Xinjian Yuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Haiyan Zhao or Xinjian Yuan.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xiong, J., Zhang, H., Nie, F. et al. Formation Mechanisms for (Cr,Co)7C3/(Cr,Co)23C6 Heterogeneous Precipitates and Stacking Faults Around Carbides in Surfacing Welding of Stellite Alloy on Stainless Steel. Met. Mater. Int. 28, 1639–1649 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01049-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01049-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation